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Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) Nurses’ perception of humanised care: Validation of the ECCOE-Es questionnaire
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Vol. 35. Issue 3.
(April - May 2025)
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Vol. 35. Issue 3.
(April - May 2025)
Original Article
Nurses’ perception of humanised care: Validation of the ECCOE-Es questionnaire
Percepción de cuidado humanizado otorgado por las enfermeras: adaptación cultural y validación del cuestionario ECCOE-Es
Laia Wennberg-Capelladesa, Montserrat Rus-Garcíab, Laia Cruells-Franciscoc, Rosa María Collado-Cabezasd, Xavier Teixidó-Huertase, Maria Luisa Martin-Ferreresa,
Corresponding author
marisamf@uic.es

Corresponding author.
a Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
b Enfermera Gestora de Casos de Proceso Oncológico Pulmonar y Sistema Nervioso Central, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
c Departamento de Urgencias, Hospital General de Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
d Enfermera Gestora de Casos de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
e Supervisor de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Universitario Joan XXIII de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
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Tables (5)
Table 1. Sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the participants.
Tables
Table 2. Factor loadings (λ) and standard error (SE) of the confirmatory factor analysis model of the adapted ECCOE-Es scale. All factor loadings were significant (p < .01).
Tables
Table 3. Correlation between the factors of the ECCOE-Es test and reliability based on internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald&apos;s omega coefficients) for the subscales of the Spanish adaptation and the total scale of the ECCOE-Es test in the validation sample.
Tables
Table 4. ECCOE descriptive results.
Tables
Table 5. Perception of humanised behaviour according to the hospital centre and services (total ECCOE score).
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Abstract
Aims

To adapt and validate for use in Spain the ECCOE questionnaire for assessing nurse caring behaviours from the perspective of nurses; to apply the adapted questionnaire to a sample of hospital registered nurses in Spain and to examine the perceptions of humanised care behaviours.

Methods

Multi-centre cross-sectional study. Validity evidence based on the ECCOE_Es internal structure through confirmatory factor analysis and convergent and divergent validity in the relationships with moral sensitivity and burnout, respectively. Reliability was also examined through Cronbach’s alpha and temporal stability with Pearson’s correlation of test scores. Descriptive and comparative analysis of nurses’ responses to the ECCOE_Es was performed.

Results

A total of 462 nurses’ questionnaires were analysed. Temporal stability (r = 0,908) and internal consistency were adequate (α > 0,76 for the subscales and α = 0,96 for the total scale). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structure of the original instrument with 7 subscales. ECCOE-Es were positively correlated with moral sensitivity (r = 0,454) and negatively correlated with burnout (r = −0,265). Humanism subscale was perceived as the most important, whereas items related to individualised care were less frequently endorsed.

Conclusions

ECCOE’s Spanish adaptation has adequate psychometric properties, and its original properties and structure are confirmed as a suitable tool for assessing nurses’ perceptions of humanised care. Overall, they perceived themselves as delivering humanised care, there was a scope for improvement in this respect.

Keywords:
Nursing
Humanised care
Caring
Ethics
Instrument validation
Cultural adaptation
Resumen
Objetivo

Adaptar culturalmente y validar el cuestionario ECCOE en enfermeras del ámbito hospitalario en España y conocer la percepción de los comportamientos de cuidado humanizado.

Método

Estudio transversal multicéntrico. Se obtuvieron pruebas de validez basadas en la estructura interna mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio y de validez convergente y divergente en las relaciones con la sensibilidad moral y el burnout, respectivamente. También se examinaron la fiabilidad a través del alfa de Cronbach y la estabilidad temporal con la correlación de Pearson de las puntuaciones de la prueba. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y comparativo de las respuestas de la ECCOE-Es.

Resultados

Se analizaron 462 cuestionarios de enfermeras de 4 hospitales. La estabilidad temporal (r = 0,908) y la consistencia interna fueron adecuadas (α > 0,76 para las subescalas y α = 0,96 para el total de la escala). El análisis factorial confirmatorio respaldó la estructura del instrumento original evidenciando 7 subescalas. La ECCOE-Es se correlacionó positivamente con la sensibilidad moral (r = 0,454) y negativamente con el burnout (r = -0,265). La subescala de humanismo fue percibida como la más importante, mientras que los ítems relacionados con la atención individualizada fueron respaldados con menor frecuencia.

Conclusiones

La adaptación española del ECCOE tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y se confirma sus propiedades y estructura original siendo un instrumento apropiado para evaluar las percepciones de los profesionales sobre los cuidados humanizados. En general, se perciben a sí mismos como prestadores de cuidados humanizados, existiendo un margen de mejora en este aspecto.

Palabras clave:
Enfermería
Cuidado humanizado
Cuidado
Ética
Validación de instrumentos
Adaptación cultural

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