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Inicio Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals in a third level hospital in Spain: jo...
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Vol. 32. Issue 3.
Pages 143-151 (May - June 2022)
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Vol. 32. Issue 3.
Pages 143-151 (May - June 2022)
Original Article
COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals in a third level hospital in Spain: job changes during the first wave, mental health at 4 months, and follow-up at 9 months
Pandemia COVID-19 sobre profesionales sanitarios en un hospital de tercer nivel en España: cambios laborales durante la primera ola, salud mental a los 4 meses y seguimiento a los 9 meses
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Silvia Esteban-Sepúlvedaa,b,
Corresponding author
88119@parcdesalutmar.cat

Corresponding author.
, Roser Terradas-Robledoa, Thaís Castro-Ribeiroc, Esther García-Pagèsc, Pau Sobregrau-Sangràd, Laia Lacueva-Péreza
a Methodology, Quallity and Nursing Research Department, Consorci Parc de Salut MAR de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Research group in nursing care (GRECI), Hospital del Mar Institute of Medical Research (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
c Department of Microelectronics and Electronic Systems, Escola d’Enginyeria, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
d Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

To determine the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on health professionals, in terms of work changes and mental health.

Method

1) Cross-sectional study and 2) longitudinal prospective study on health professionals who worked directly with patients affected by COVID-19 pandemic during the period between March-June 2020 in a tertiary hospital in Barcelona. Baseline (July-November 2020) and follow-up (November 2020-March 2021) data were collected. Data related to the job and toxic habits were collected with ad hoc questionnaires, and data related to perceived stress, post-traumatic stress, depression, and anxiety using validated questionnaires.

Results

In the baseline group (cross-sectional study), 90 professionals participated, 76% nurses. More than a third were on sick leave or took drugs to manage stress. Half of smokers increased tobacco use, and one in 5 increased alcohol consumption. Habitual shift change is significantly associated with depression, professional profile with anxiety, and perceived stress with age. In the longitudinal prospective study, the follow-up group (n = 64) shows high levels of stress and anxiety, which are maintained or even significantly increased over time.

Conclusions

The structural changes that occurred in the hospital during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on professionals, many of them presenting an increase in toxic habits, as well as impaired mental health that is maintained over time.

Keywords:
Post traumatic stress disorder
Anxiety disorder
COVID-19
Mental health
Health care professionals
Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia COVID-19 en profesionales sanitarios, en términos de cambios laborales y de salud mental.

Método

1) Estudio transversal y 2) estudio longitudinal prospectivo sobre profesionales de la salud que trabajaron de forma directa con pacientes afectados por la pandemia COVID-19 durante el periodo comprendido entre marzo-junio de 2020 en un hospital de tercer nivel de Barcelona. Se recogieron datos basales (julio-noviembre de 2020) y de seguimiento (noviembre de 2020-marzo de 2021). Se recogieron datos relacionados con el puesto de trabajo y hábitos tóxicos con cuestionarios ad hoc, y de estrés percibido, estrés postraumático, depresión y ansiedad mediante cuestionarios validados.

Resultados

En el grupo basal (estudio transversal) participaron 90 profesionales, 76% enfermeras. Más de un tercio estuvo de baja o tomó fármacos para gestionar el estrés. La mitad de los fumadores aumentó el consumo de tabaco, y uno de cada 5 aumentó el consumo de alcohol. Se asocia de forma significativa el cambio de turno habitual con la depresión, el perfil profesional con la ansiedad, y el estrés percibido con la edad. En el estudio longitudinal, el grupo de seguimiento (n = 64) muestra niveles elevados de estrés y ansiedad, que se mantienen o incluso aumentan en el tiempo de forma significativa.

Conclusiones

Los cambios estructurales acontecidos en el hospital durante la primera ola de la pandemia por la COVID-19 tuvieron un fuerte impacto en los profesionales, presentando muchos de ellos un aumento en los hábitos tóxicos, así como una salud mental alterada que se mantiene en el tiempo.

Palabras clave:
Trastornos de estrés traumático
Ansiedad
COVID-19
Salud mental
Profesionales de la salud

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