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Vol. 29. Issue 4.
Pages 248-253 (July - August 2019)
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Vol. 29. Issue 4.
Pages 248-253 (July - August 2019)
Nursing care
New care challenges: Detection of anxiety in pregnant women at risk
Nuevos retos en los cuidados: detección de la ansiedad en la gestante de riesgo
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Yolanda Giménez Peñalbaa,
Corresponding author
yolandagipe@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Francesc Fatjó Huriosb, Elena González Plazaa, Ángela Arranz Betegónc
a Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
b Medicina interna, SCIAS-Hospital de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
c BCN Natal Hospital Clínic_Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Classification of obstetric risk.
Table 2. Brief presentation of diagnostic criteria for the different anxiety disorders included in the DSM-5.
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Abstract

Pregnancy is considered a period of well-being and happiness in a woman's life. However, these expectations are occasionally disrupted by maternal and/or foetal problems, and situations of vulnerability develop.

The evidence suggests that pregnancy-related anxiety is strongly associated with adverse maternal and child outcomes such as pospartum depression, premature birth, low birth weight, and health and mental development problems in childhood. On the other hand, it is evident that obstetric and perinatal complications increase the risk of pospartum anxiety and depression while anxiety levels increase as the gestational risk increases.

Current recommendations about the care and treatment of mental health problems in women during pregnancy and up to one year after delivery are aimed at recognition, evaluation, care and treatment, ensuring continuity of care.

The aim of this study was to recognise anxiety in pregnant women at risk, from the definition of model cases, in order to enhance critical thinking in both health professionals and pregnant women and thus improve the care of these patients.

Keywords:
Anxiety
Pregnancy complications
High-risk pregnancy
Maternal-foetal relationships
Mental health
Health promotion
Resumen

Aunque el embarazo se considera un periodo de bienestar y felicidad en la vida de la mujer, en ocasiones estas expectativas se ven alteradas por problemas a nivel materno o fetal, generándose situaciones de vulnerabilidad.

La evidencia indica que la ansiedad en el embarazo está fuertemente asociada con resultados maternos e infantiles adversos como depresión posparto, parto prematuro, bajo peso al nacer y problemas de salud y desarrollo mental en la infancia. Por otra parte, se evidencia que las complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales incrementan el riesgo de ansiedad y depresión posparto, y que los niveles de ansiedad aumentan conforme lo hace el riesgo gestacional.

Las recomendaciones actuales acerca del cuidado y el tratamiento de los problemas de salud mental en las mujeres durante el embarazo y hasta un año después del parto están dirigidas al reconocimiento, evaluación, cuidado y tratamiento, asegurando la continuidad asistencial.

El objetivo de este artículo se centra en el reconocimiento de la ansiedad en la gestante de riesgo, a partir de la definición de casos modelo, con el fin de potenciar el pensamiento crítico tanto en los profesionales sanitarios como en las gestantes y mejorar, de este modo, el cuidado de estas pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Ansiedad
Complicaciones del embarazo
Embarazo de alto riesgo
Relaciones materno-fetales
Salud mental
Promoción de la salud

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