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Vol. 42. Issue 3.
Pages 140-145 (March 2024)
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Vol. 42. Issue 3.
Pages 140-145 (March 2024)
Original article
Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing severe cases of influenza: Season 2022/2023
Efectividad de la vacuna antigripal para prevenir casos graves de gripe. Temporada 2022/2023
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Guillermo Platas-Abenzaa, María Guerrero-Solera, Raissa de Fatima Silva-Afonsoa, Pilar Gallardo-Rodrigueza, Francisco Gil-Sáncheza, Isabel Escribano-Cañadasb, Carmen M. Benito-Mirallesa, Noemi Solis-Aniortea, Rocio Carnicer-Buenoa, Ana Esclapez-Martíneza, Pablo Chico-Sáncheza,
Corresponding author
pablochico@pablochico.es

Corresponding author.
, José Sánchez-Payáa, Paula Gras-Valentía
a Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
b Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
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Statistics
Tables (4)
Table 1. Characteristics of patients with influenza admitted from week 40/2022 to week 20/2023, according to flu vaccination status (n = 403).
Table 2. Characteristics of patients with severe flu from week 40/2022 to week 20/2023, according to flu vaccination status (n = 98).
Table 3. Factors associated with the development of severe flu (n = 403).
Table 4. Crude and adjusted flu vaccine effectiveness for the prevention of severe cases of flu restricted to both genders, age group and having comorbidities (n = 403).
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Abstract
Introduction

Influenza poses a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being one of the most effective measures for its prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing cases of severe influenza in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during the 2022/23 season.

Methods

Case-control study. All hospitalised patients with a positive result in an RT-PCR for influenza were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case (pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ failure, admission to ICU or exitus) were considered cases. Those who did not meet these criteria were considered controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent severe cases and its 95% confidence interval were calculated.

Results

A total of 403 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza. Of these, 98 (24.3%) developed severe influenza. Of the total, 50.6% were men and 47.1% were over 65 years of age. VE adjusted for influenza type, age and certain comorbidities was 40.6% (−21.9 to 71.1). In a segmented analysis, influenza vaccine was effective in preventing severe cases in all categories. It was particularly relevant in the 65+ age group (VEa = 60.9%; −2.0 to 85.0) and in patients with influenza A (VEa = 56.7%; 1.5–80.9).

Conclusion

Influenza vaccination markedly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of influenza in hospitalised patients, therefore, it remains the main strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality and associated costs.

Keywords:
Influenza
Influenza vaccines
Disease severity
Hospitalization
Resumen
Introducción

La gripe supone una importante carga en términos de morbimortalidad, siendo la vacunación una de las medidas más efectivas para su prevención. Por lo que el objetivo de este estudio es conocer la efectividad de la vacuna antigripal para prevenir casos de gripe grave en los pacientes ingresados en un hospital de tercer nivel durante la temporada 2022/23.

Metodología

Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes hospitalizados con resultado positivo en una RT-PCR de Gripe. Se consideró caso a aquellos que cumplieron criterio de caso grave (neumonía, sepsis, fallo multiorgánico, ingreso en UCI o exitus). Quienes no los cumplían se consideraron controles. Se calculó la efectividad vacunal (EV) para prevenir casos graves y su intervalo de confianza al 95%.

Resultados

Un total de 403 pacientes ingresaron con gripe confirmada. 98 (24,3%) de ellos desarrollaron gripe grave. Del total, el 50,6% fueron hombres y el 47,1% fueron mayores de 65 años. La EV ajustada por tipo de gripe, edad y ciertas comorbilidades fue del 40,6% (−21,9 to 71,1). En un análisis segmentado, la vacuna de la gripe resultó efectiva para la prevención de casos graves en todas las categorías. Resultó especialmente relevante en el grupo de 65 años o más (EVa = 60,9%; −2,0 to 85,0) y en los pacientes con gripe A (EVa = 56,7%; 1,5–80,9).

Conclusiones

La vacunación antigripal redujo notablemente la aparición de casos graves de gripe en los pacientes hospitalizados, por tanto, sigue siendo la principal estrategia para reducir la morbimortalidad y los costes asociados.

Palabras clave:
Gripe
Vacuna gripe
Enfermedad grave
Hospitalización

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