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Vol. 35. Issue 6.
Pages 297-314 (November - December 2023)
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Vol. 35. Issue 6.
Pages 297-314 (November - December 2023)
Review article
Update of HDL in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Nuevos conceptos de las HDL en la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica
Leonie Schocha,b, Sebastián Alcovera, Teresa Padróa, Soumaya Ben-Aichac, Guiomar Mendietad, Lina Badimona,e,f, Gemma Vilahura,f,
Corresponding author
gvilahur@santpau.cat

Corresponding author.
a Cardiovascular Program, Institut de Recerca, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
b Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona (UB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
c Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
d Cardiology Unit, Cardiovascular Clinical Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
e Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
f CiberCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Figures (6)
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Classification and characteristics of lipoproteins.
Table 2. Subclassification of HDL particles.
Table 3. Major components of the HDL proteome.
Table 4. Major components of the HDL lipidome.
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Abstract

Epidemiologic evidence supported an inverse association between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major cardiovascular risk factor and postulating diverse HDL vascular- and cardioprotective functions beyond their ability to drive reverse cholesterol transport. However, the failure of several clinical trials aimed at increasing HDL-C in patients with overt cardiovascular disease brought into question whether increasing the cholesterol cargo of HDL was an effective strategy to enhance their protective properties. In parallel, substantial evidence supports that HDLs are complex and heterogeneous particles whose composition is essential for maintaining their protective functions, subsequently strengthening the “HDL quality over quantity” hypothesis.

The following state-of-the-art review covers the latest understanding as per the roles of HDL in ASCVD, delves into recent advances in understanding the complexity of HDL particle composition, including proteins, lipids and other HDL-transported components and discusses on the clinical outcomes after the administration of HDL-C raising drugs with particular attention to CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors.

Keywords:
HDL
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular disease
Therapy
Resumen

Estudios epidemiológicos respaldan una asociación inversa entre los niveles de colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (c-HDL) y la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica (ECVA), identificando el c-HDL como un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular y postulando diversas funciones vasculares y cardioprotectoras de las HDL más allá de su capacidad para promover el transporte reverso del colesterol. Sin embargo, el fracaso de varios ensayos clínicos dirigidos a aumentar el c-HDL en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular manifiesta, puso en duda el concepto que incrementar la carga de c-HDL fuera una estrategia eficaz para potenciar sus propiedades protectoras. Paralelamente, numerosos estudios han evidenciado que las HDL son partículas complejas y heterogéneas cuya composición es esencial para mantener sus funciones protectoras, lo que refuerza la hipótesis de que «la calidad de las HDL prima sobre la cantidad».

En el siguiente manuscrito revisamos el estado del arte sobre los últimos avances en torno a las funciones de las HDL en la ECVA, nos adentramos en los avances recientes en la comprensión de la complejidad de la composición de las partículas de HDL, incluidas las proteínas, los lípidos y otros componentes transportados por las HDL, y revisamos los resultados clínicos tras la administración de inductores del c-HDL, especialmente los inhibidores de la proteína transportadora del colesterol esterificado (CETP).

Palabras clave:
HDL
Aterosclerosis
Enfermedad cardiovascular
Terapia

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