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Vol. 35. Issue 5.
Pages 236-242 (September - October 2023)
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Vol. 35. Issue 5.
Pages 236-242 (September - October 2023)
Original article
Accuracy of visceral adiposity indices and lipid accumulation products in the identification of adults at high cardiovascular risk
Exactitud de los índices de adiposidad visceral y productos de acumulación de lípidos en la identificación de adultos de alto riesgo cardiovascular
Ana Maria Gonçalvez Millaa, Eduardo B.F. Chagasa,b, Vitor Fernando Bordin Miolab, Bárbara de Oliveira Zanusob, Elen Landgraf Guiguera,b,c, Adriano Cressoni Araújoa,b, Ricardo José Tofanoa,b, Karina R. Quesadab,c, Lucas F. Laurindob, Sandra M. Barbalhoa,b,c,
Corresponding author
smbarbalho@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation – UNIMAR, Marília, SP, Brazil
b Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Higino Muzzi Filho, 1001 Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
c School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia, SP, Brazil
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Figures (1)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Analysis of the association of the frequency distribution of qualitative variables by cardiovascular risk stratum by the Framingham score.
Table 2. Comparison of the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the quantitative variables between the cardiovascular risk strata by the Framingham score.
Table 3. Multiple linear regression analysis of VAI and LAP variables on the Framingham score for cardiovascular risk stratification.
Table 4. Analysis of the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of VAI and LAP for the diagnosis of high cardiovascular risk by the Framingham score.
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Abstract
Introduction

The lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adipose index (VAI) are clinical markers of visceral obesity and were proposed as simple tools to estimate cardiovascular risk and mortality. The objective of this study was to analyze the accuracy of the VAI and LAP for high cardiovascular risk patients.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study of accuracy was carried out in 193 patients of both sexes. In addition to the variables VAI and LAP, presence of comorbidities, education, level of physical activity and anthropometric data were obtained. Cardiovascular risk was determined by the Framingham score.

Results

No significant difference was observed in the sample in gender distribution (44.6% women; 55.4% men), 24.4% had low cardiovascular risk, 48.7% intermediate risk and 26.9% high cardiovascular risk. Linear regression analysis showed that VAI and LAP explain, respectively, only 2.4% and 5.2% of the variation in cardiovascular risk expressed by the Framingham score. The analysis of areas under the curve (AUC) for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) indicated a significant effect only of LAP to diagnose individuals with high cardiovascular risk, but with low sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that VAI and LAP explain only a small percentage of the variation in the Framingham cardiovascular risk score. LAP index still deserves more attention in a cohort study, because, even with the limitations of a cross-sectional study, we observed an acceptable sensitivity for it so that the LAP can be used as a screening criterion for requesting more accurate tests.

Keywords:
Lipid accumulation product
Visceral adipose index
Obesity
Cardiovascular risk
Resumen
Introducción

El producto de acumulación de lípidos (LAP) y el índice adiposo visceral (VAI) son marcadores clínicos de obesidad visceral y fueron propuestos como herramientas simples, económicas y precisas para estimar el riesgo cardiovascular y la mortalidad. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la precisión de los índices VAI y LAP para el diagnóstico de personas con alto riesgo cardiovascular.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio observacional transversal de precisión en 193 pacientes de ambos sexos en la unidad de cardiología de un hospital universitario. Además de las variables VAI y LAP, se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos, presencia de comorbilidades, escolaridad, nivel de actividad física y datos antropométricos para caracterizar la muestra. El riesgo cardiovascular se determinó mediante el Framingham Score.

Resultados

No se observaron diferencias significativas en la muestra en la distribución por género (44,6% mujeres; 55,4% hombres), 24,4% riesgo cardiovascular bajo, 48,7% riesgo intermedio y 26,9% riesgo cardiovascular alto. El análisis de regresión lineal mostró que VAI y LAP explican, respectivamente, solo el 2,4% y el 5,2% de la variación del riesgo cardiovascular expresado por el Framingham Score. El análisis de áreas bajo la curva (AUC) para la característica operativa del receptor (ROC) indicó un efecto significativo solo de LAP para diagnosticar individuos con alto riesgo cardiovascular, pero con baja sensibilidad y especificidad.

Conclusión

Nuestros resultados indican que VAI y LAP explican solo un pequeño porcentaje de la variación en la puntuación de riesgo cardiovascular de Framingham. El índice LAP aún merece más atención en un estudio de cohortes, ya que, aún con las limitaciones de un estudio transversal, observamos una sensibilidad aceptable del mismo para que el LAP pueda ser utilizado como criterio de cribado para solicitar pruebas más precisas.

Palabras clave:
Producto de acumulación de lípidos
Índice de adiposidad visceral
Obesidad
Riesgo cardiovascular

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