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Vol. 101. Issue 3.
Pages 180-186 (March 2023)
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Vol. 101. Issue 3.
Pages 180-186 (March 2023)
Original article
Our experience in the short-term diagnostic-therapeutic management of the patient with anal dysplasia
Nuestra experiencia en el manejo diagnóstico-terapéutico a corto plazo del paciente con displasia anal
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Clara Galán Martínez
Corresponding author
cgalan@santpau.cat

Correspondng author.
, M. Pilar Hernández Casanovas, Laia Sala Vilaplana, Anna Sánchez López, M. Carmen Martínez Sánchez, Jesús Bollo Rodríguez, Elena Pareja Nieto, Eduardo M. Targarona Soler
Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) is a premalignant lesion of anal squamous cell carcinoma. HIV-positive males who have sex with males, are the most affected at-risk population. Cytology and anuscopy are the best accepted methods for its diagnosis, although it is controversial which patients should complete it with a biopsy. Neither which patients should undergo treatment nor which is the best treatment is not well established. With this study, we would like to present our experience in the diagnostic-therapeutic management of AIN in the short term.

Methods

Retrospective observational study of patients at risk of AIN with altered anal cytology who underwent high-resolution anuscopy with biopsy. After histological confirmation of dysplasia, they started treatment with trichloroacetic acid. Its effectiveness was verified by subsequent cytology. The demographic variables of the sample and the results of both diagnostic and treatment tests were analyzed.

Results

The majority were HIV-positive males (104/115) and 50% had sexual relations with other men. We included 115 patients with altered anal cytology, of whom 92% had dysplasia on biopsy. 97% with atypia of uncertain significance on cytology had histological dysplasia. Cytology normalized after treatment in 60% of patients.

Conclusion

Early detection of AIN should be routinely considered in known at-risk populations. Any cytological abnormality should be biopsied. Tricholoroacetic acid can be an effective treatment achieving a high percentage of regression, although currently, the information we have is of low level of evidence.

Keywords:
Anal intraepithelial neoplasia
Human papillomavirus
Anal cytology
Screening
Resumen
Introducción

La neoplasia intraepitelial anal (NIA) es una lesión premaligna del carcinoma escamoso anal. Los varones VIH que tienen sexo con varones, es la población de riesgo más afectada. La citología y anuscopia son los métodos mejor aceptados para su diagnóstico, aunque es controvertido qué pacientes deben completarlo con una biopsia. Tampoco está bien establecido qué pacientes deben someterse a tratamiento y cuál es el mejor. Con este estudio, queremos exponer nuestra experiencia en el manejo diagnóstico-terapéutico del NIA a corto plazo.

Métodos

Estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes con riesgo de NIA con una citología anal alterada a los que se les realizó una anuscopia de alta resolución con biopsia. Tras la confirmación histológica de displasia iniciaron tratamiento con ácido tricloroacético. Se comprobó su efectividad con una citología posterior. Se analizaron las variables demográficas de la muestra y los resultados de las pruebas diagnósticas y de tratamiento.

Resultados

La mayoría eran varones VIH positivos (104/115) y el 50% mantenían relaciones sexuales con otros varones. Se incluyeron 115 pacientes con citología anal alterada, de los cuales el 92% presentaron displasia en la biopsia. El 97% con atipia de significado incierto en la citología presentaron displasia histológicamente. El 60% de los pacientes normalizó la citología tras el tratamiento.

Conclusión

Se debe considerar de forma sistemática la detección precoz de la NIA en poblaciones de riesgo conocidas. Cualquier anormalidad citológica debe ser biopsiada. El ácido tricloroacético puede ser un tratamiento efectivo consiguiendo un alto porcentaje de regresión, aunque actualmente la información con la que contamos es de bajo nivel de evidencia.

Palabras clave:
Neoplasia intraepitelial anal
Virus del papiloma humano
Citología anal
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