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Vol. 87. Issue 6.
Pages 356-363 (June 2010)
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Vol. 87. Issue 6.
Pages 356-363 (June 2010)
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Indications and results of liver retransplantation: experience with 1181 patients in the hospital universitario La Fe
Indicaciones y resultados de retrasplante hepático: experiencia del hospital universitario La Fe (1.181 pacientes)
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Rodrigo Torres-Quevedoa,b,
Corresponding author
rtorresquevedo@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, Ángel Moya-Herraizb, Fernando San Juanb, Jairo Riverab, Rafael López-Andujarb, Eva Montalváb, Eugenia Parejab, Manuel de Juanb, Victoria Aguilerac, Marina Berenguerc, Martín Prietoc, José Mirb
a Departamento de Anatomía Normal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
b Unidad de Cirugía y Trasplante Hepático, Servicio de Medicina Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
c Unidad de Hepatología, Servicio de Medicina Digestivo, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract

Liver retransplantation (LrT) is the only therapeutic option for irreversible failure of a hepatic graft and accounts for 2.9%–24.0% of all liver transplantations (LT). It is technically difficult and has a high level of immediate morbidity and a lower survival than primary LT. Our aim was to determine the rate of LrT and its indications, morbidity, post-operative mortality and actuarial survival in the retransplanted patient.

Patients and method

A historical cohort study of 1181 patients transplanted between 1991 and 2006.

Results

Of the 1260 LT performed, 79 were LrT. At the time of the first LT there were no differences between those patients and those that did not require an LrT. The LrT rate was 6.3% and the most frequent causes were: hepatic artery thrombosis (31.6%), recurrence of cirrhosis due the HVC (30.4%) and primary graft (21.5%). The ischemia times, perfusion syndrome and hepatic congestion were no different between the primary LT and the LrT. On the other hand, red cell transfusions were higher in LrT (6.3±4.9 vs 3.5±3.0 units, P<.001). The post-operative morbidity and morbidity (up to 30 days after the LT) was higher in retransplanted patients (68.4% vs 57.0%, P=.04 and 25.3% vs 10.9%, P<.001; respectively). The actuarial survival at 1 and 5 years was 83% and 69% in those without LrT, 71% and 61% in early LrT and 64% and 34% in delayed LrT (P<.001).

Conclusions

Despite the increased morbidity and mortality of LrT, it appears that this treatment alternative is still valid in those patients with an early loss of the liver graft. On the other hand, when the graft loss is delayed, it needs to be defined, what would be the minimum acceptable results to indicate LrT and which patients could benefit from this treatment.

Keywords:
Liver transplantation
Retransplant
Causes
Morbidity
Mortality
Survival
Resumen

El retrasplante hepático (ReTH) constituye la única opción terapéutica para el fracaso irreversible de un injerto hepático y corresponde a un 2,9–24,0% de todos los trasplantes hepáticos (TH). Técnicamente es difícil y conlleva un elevado índice de morbilidad inmediata y una menor supervivencia que el TH primario. Nuestro objetivo fue determinar la tasa de ReTH y las indicaciones, morbilidad, mortalidad postoperatoria y supervivencia actuarial del paciente retrasplantado.

Pacientes y método

Estudio de cohorte histórica de 1.181 pacientes trasplantados entre los años 1991 y 2006.

Resultados

De los 1.260 TH realizados, 79 fueron ReTH. Al momento del primer TH, no hubo diferencias con aquellos pacientes que no necesitaron ReTH. La tasa de ReTH fue del 6,3% y las causas más frecuentes fueron: trombosis de la arteria hepática (31,6%), recidiva de la cirrosis por VHC (30,4%) y fallo primario del injerto (21,5%). Los tiempos de isquemia, síndrome de reperfusión y congestión hepática no difieren entre el TH primario y el ReTH. Por el contrario, la transfusión de hematíes fue mayor en el ReTH (6,3±4,9 vs. 3,5±3,0 unidades, p<0,001). La morbilidad y mortalidad postoperatoria (hasta los 30 días posterior al TH) fue mayor en los pacientes retrasplantados (68,4 vs. 57,0%, p=0,04 y 25,3 vs. 10,9%, p<0,001, respectivamente). La supervivencia actuarial a 1 y 5 años fue 83% y 69% en aquellos sin ReTH, 71% y 61% en ReTH precoz y 64% y 34% en ReTH tardío (p<0,001).

Conclusiones

Pese a una elevada morbilidad y mortalidad del ReTH, parece que esta alternativa terapéutica continúa siendo válida en aquellos pacientes con una pérdida precoz del injerto hepático. Por el contrario, cuando la pérdida del injerto es tardía, se hace necesario definir cuáles serían los resultados mínimos aceptables para indicar el ReTH y qué pacientes se pueden beneficiar con este tratamiento.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante hepático
Retrasplante
Causas
Morbilidad
Mortalidad
Supervivencia
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Copyright © 2010. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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