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Vol. 86. Issue 2.
Pages 101-104 (August 2009)
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Vol. 86. Issue 2.
Pages 101-104 (August 2009)
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Bronchogenic carcinoma in patients undergoing solid organ transplant. The role of surgery
Carcinoma broncogénico en pacientes con trasplante de órgano sólido. Papel de la cirugía
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José Padillaa,
Corresponding author
jpadilla@comv.es

Corresponding author.
, José Cerónb, Juan Carlos Peñalvera, Carlos Jordáb, Enrique Pastorb, Karol de Aguiarb
a Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía Torácica, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
Background

The incidence of neoplastic diseases is higher in patients undergoing solid organ transplant. However, the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma (BC) is controversial. The objective of our study was to determine the incidence of BC in a large cohort of transplant patients and the role of surgery.

Material and methods

Until December 2006, 3596 patients underwent solid organ transplant at our institution; 24 (0.7%) patients subsequently developed BC, of which 6 (24%) were classified as clinical stage I and submitted to surgical treatment. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

Three patients received a liver transplant, 2 a kidney transplant and 1 a heart transplant. All were male and all had a smoking history. Mean age was 58.6 years. Two patients had cough, one accompanied by bloody expectoration, and BC was an incidental finding in the remaining cases. The interval between transplant and diagnosis of BC was 38.1 months. Epidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent histological type. Mean tumour size was 3.6cm (range, 1.3–6). One tumour was classified as pathological stage IA, 4 as stage IB, and 1 as IIB due to parietal pleural invasion. No patient died during the perioperative period and only one had a haemothorax which resolved with chest tube drainage. Mean hospital stay was 8.5 days (range, 7–11). The immunosuppression regimen was maintained continuously. In subsequent follow-up, 1 patient died from BC metastasis, 1 from sepsis, 1 from chronic renal failure, and 3 remained alive. The probability of survival at 5 years was 40%, and median survival was established at 5 years.

Conclusions

The incidence of BC in patients undergoing solid organ transplant and the proportion of patients diagnosed in early stages does not differ from non-transplant patients diagnosed with BC, which questions the role of immunosuppression in the genesis and aggressiveness of BC in transplant patients. Surgery may offer acceptable results in early stages, with acceptable rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality.

Keywords:
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Solid organ transplant
Surgery
Resumen
Introducción

La incidencia de neoplasias es mayor en la población sometida a un trasplante de órgano sólido; sin embargo, la de carcinoma broncogénico (CB) es controvertida. Nuestro objetivo es comprobar la incidencia de CB en pacientes trasplantados y el papel de la cirugía.

Material y métodos

Hasta diciembre de 2006, en el Hospital Universitario La Fe, 3.596 pacientes recibieron un trasplante de órgano sólido; 24 (0,7%) pacientes desarrollaron un CB, de los que 6 fueron operados. La supervivencia se estimó mediante la prueba de Kaplan-Meier.

Resultados

Tres pacientes habían recibido trasplante hepático; 2, renal y 1, cardíaco. Todos eran varones y tenían historia previa de tabaquismo. La media de edad fue 58,6 años. El intervalo entre trasplante y diagnóstico de CB fue 38,1 meses. El carcinoma epidermoide fue el más frecuente. El tamaño tumoral medio fue de 3,6cm. Un tumor fue clasificado en estadio IA patológico; cuatro, en IB y uno, en IIB. Ningún paciente falleció en el perioperatorio y sólo uno presentó un hemotórax. La media de estancia fue 8,5 días. Un paciente falleció por metástasis de CB, otro por sepsis, otro por insuficiencia renal y 3 permanecían vivos. La supervivencia a los 5 años fue del 40%.

Conclusiones

La incidencia de CB y la tasa de diagnósticos en estadios precoces no difieren de las observadas en pacientes no sometidos a trasplante, lo que cuestionaría el papel de la inmunosupresión en la génesis y la agresividad del CB en pacientes trasplantados. La cirugía puede ofrecer resultados aceptables en estadios precoces, con una morbimortalidad perioperatoria asumible.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma broncogénico
Trasplante de órgano sólido
Cirugía
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Copyright © 2009. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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