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Vol. 76. Issue 2.
Pages 94-100 (August 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 2.
Pages 94-100 (August 2004)
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Resultados del cáncer de esófago resecado. Estudio comparativo entre el adenocarcinoma y el carcinoma epidermoide
Results of resected esophageal cancer. Comparative study of adenocarcinoma versus epidermoid carcinoma
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Vicente Munítiza,1
Corresponding author
vmunitiz@ono.com

Correspondencia: Dr. V. Munítiz Ruiz. Servicio de Cirugía General I. 3.a planta. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Ctra. Cartagena, s/n. El Palmar. 30120 Murcia. España.
, Ángeles Ortiz-Escandella, Luisa F. Martínez de Haroa, José Antonio García-Marcillac, Joaquín Molinab, David Ruiz de Anguloa, Juan Carlos Navalóna, Pascual Parrillaa
a Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo I. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia
b Unidad de Endoscopia. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Murcia. España
c Servicio de Cirugía General y Aparato Digestivo. Hospital General de Orihuela. Alicante. España
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Resumen
Introducción

Algunos autores comunican mejores resultados en la supervivencia a largo plazo de los pacientes con adenocarcinoma (ADC) esofágico que con carcinoma epidermoide (CE).

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido comparar los resultados obtenidos tras resección esofágica en los pacientes con ADC y CE de esófago.

Pacientes y método

Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo en 231 pacientes con cáncer esofágico y resección esofágica utilizando la técnica de Ivor- Lewis en más del 85% de los casos. Histológicamente, 120 pacientes padecían un ADC, mientras que se resecaron 111 CE. En cuanto a la epidemiología, el CE mostraba una mayor relación con el tabaco, el alcohol y los antecedentes de neoplasia laríngea, mientras que un mayor número de pacientes con ADC tenían antecedentes de reflujo gastroesofágico y diagnóstico pre/postoperatorio de esófago de Barrett.

Resultados

La mortalidad postoperatoria fue superior en los pacientes con CE (n = 12; 12%) que en los de ADC (n = 6; 5%), sobre todo por complicaciones pulmonares y fístulas de las anastomosis. La estadificación postoperatoria según la clasificación TNM no mostró diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos. La supervivencia media fue de 15 meses en el ADC y 13 meses en el CE, sin diferencias significativas. La tasa de probabilidad de supervivencia a 1, 3 y 5 años fue similar en ambos grupos. En el grupo de pacientes con CE sobrevivieron el 66, el 25 y el 21%, respectivamente, mientras que en los pacientes con ADC estaban vivos el 68, el 25, y el 19% en los mismos intervalos de tiempo.

Conclusión

Aunque el ADC y el CE de esófago son neoplasias de distinta localización, epidemiología y etiopatogenia, los similares resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico a corto y largo plazo no justifican un manejo diferente para ambos tipos histológicos.

Palabras clave:
Esófago
Adenocarcinoma
Carcinoma epidermoide
Resección
Introduction

Some authors report better long-term survival in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma than in those with epidermoid carcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained after esophageal resection in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma and in those with esophageal epidermoid carcinoma.

Patients and method

We performed a retrospective study of 231 patients with resection of esophageal carcinoma. The Ivor-Lewis technique was used in more than 85% of the patients. Histologically, 120 patients had esophageal adenocarcinoma, while 111 epidermoid carcinomas were resected. Epidemiologically, epidermoid carcinomas were more closely associated with smoking, alcohol consumption and laryngeal neoplasia while a greater number of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma had antecedents of gastroesophageal reflux and a pre- or postoperative diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus.

Results

Postoperative mortality was higher in patients with epidermoid carcinoma (n = 12, 12%) than in those with esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 6, 5%), especially due to pulmonary complications and anastomotic fistulas. Postoperative staging according to the TNM classification showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. The mean survival was 15 months in esophageal adenocarcinoma and 13 months in epidermoid carcinoma, without significant differences. The probability of survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was similar in both groups. In the group of patients with epidermoid carcinoma, survival was 66%, 25% and 21% respectively while in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma survival was 68%, 25% and 19% in the same time intervals.

Conclusion

Although the localization, epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma are distinct, the similar short- and long-term results of surgical treatment do not justify different management of the two histological types. Quality standards in management of hepatocellular carcinoma with liver resection: selection and outcome criteria in a liver surgery referral unit.

Key words:
Esophagus
Adenocarcinoma
Epidermoid carcinoma
Resection
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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