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Vol. 75. Issue 1.
Pages 3-8 (January 2004)
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Vol. 75. Issue 1.
Pages 3-8 (January 2004)
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Particularidades de los ensayos clínicos en el ámbito de la cirugía
Characteristics of clinical trials in surgery
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Juan J. Sancho1
Corresponding author
sancho@imim.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.J. Sancho. Unitat de Cirurgia Endocrina. Servei de Cirurgia. Hospital Universitari del Mar. Passeig Marítim, 23-25. 08003. Barcelona. España.
Servicio de Cirugía. Hospital Universitari del Mar. Barcelona. España
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Resumen

El número de ensayos clínicos prospectivos y aleatorizados en cirugía es muy inferior al de los realizados en ámbitos no quirúrgicos. El diseño de este tipo de ensayos en el paciente quirúrgico presenta dificultades que se añaden a las propias de cualquier ensayo clínico. La oportunidad y validez de la metodología para la distribución aleatoria de pacientes, intervenciones y, especialmente, cirujanos es aún objeto de una intensa controversia.

La metodología clásica para el diseño de ensayos clínicos prospectivos y aleatorizados debe modificarse sustancialmente para adaptarla a las especiales condiciones de la investigación clínica en cirugía. Por otra parte, el ensayo clínico prospectivo y aleatorizado no es la única fuente de evidencia clínica válida y, en muchos casos, es innecesario o francamente pernicioso. Este artículo pretende revisar las particularidades de los ensayos clínicos en pacientes quirúrgicos y proponer algunas estrategias para solventar sus dificultades y limitaciones.

Palabras clave:
Ensayo clínico
Estudio aleatorizado
Cirugía

The number of prospective randomized clinical trials performed in surgery is much lower than the number performed in nonsurgical settings. The design of this type of trial in surgical patients carries an additional set of difficulties on top of those predictable in any clinical trial. The opportunity and validity of the methodology for patient randomization, techniques and, most importantly, surgeons is still highly controversial.

The classical methodology for the design of prospective randomized clinical trials must be substantially modified to adapt to the special requirements of clinical research in surgery. On the other hand, the randomized prospective clinical trial is by no means the only source of clinical evidence and in many instances is either unnecessary or plainly harmful. The aim of this article is to review the unique features of prospective randomized clinical trials in surgery and to suggest some strategies to overcome their difficulties and limitations.

Key words:
Clinical trial
Randomized trial
Surgery
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Financiado en parte por el Proyecto SMARTIE (Smart Medical Applications Repository of Tools for Informed Expert Decision) del V Programa Marco de la Comisión Europea. IST-2000-25429.

Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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