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Vol. 76. Issue 2.
Pages 65-70 (August 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 2.
Pages 65-70 (August 2004)
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Incontinencia fecal: neurofisiología y neuromodulación
Fecal incontinence: Neurophysiology and neuromodulation
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Arantxa Muñoz-Duyosa,1
Corresponding author
arantxasf@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: Dra. A. Muñoz Duyos. Unidad de Coloproctología. Departamento de Cirugía General. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Plaza Dr. Robert, 5. 08221 Terrassa. España.
, Jordi Monterob, Albert Navarroa, Carlos del Ríoc, María Isabel García-Domingoa, Constancio Marcoa
a Unidad de Coloproctología. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona.
b Unidad de Neurofisiología. Ciudad Sanitaria de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona.
c Unidad de Coloproctología. Ciudad Sanitaria de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
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Resumen

La incontinencia fecal puede causar un déficit importante en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y originar sociopatías graves. Numerosos pacientes afectados de incontinencia fecal adoptan hábitos sociales y conductas que evitan las relaciones personales. Las claves diagnósticas de estos trastornos y las opciones terapéuticas, todavía en desarrollo, están escasamente sistematizadas. La neurofisiología de la defecación está todavía por aclarar y depende de la integridad de las estructuras anatómicas y neuronales, así como de la correcta coordinación de muchos sistemas mecánicos y presivos que permiten el desarrollo de este automatismo, que se aprende en los primeros años de vida. La exploración estructural del canal anal debe combinarse con un estudio neurofisiológico que nos permita ahondar en el conocimiento de estos trastornos, catalogar mejor a los pacientes e indicar diferentes alternativas terapéuticas con mayor eficacia. La aparición de la estimulación de raíces sacras, que basa su efecto terapéutico en la neuromodulación, debe implicar a los cirujanos en el conocimiento de las bases neurológicas de la defecación y las exploraciones que deberían realizarse en todos los pacientes con incontinencia fecal.

Palabras clave:
Neurofisiología
Defecación
Incontinencia fecal
Neuromodulación
Estimulación de raíces sacras

Fecal incontinence can seriously affect quality of life and provoke significant social problems. Numerous patients with fecal incontinence adopt social and behavioral habits that avoid personal relationships. The diagnostic keys to these disorders and the therapeutic options, which are still being developed, have not been systematized. The neurophysiology of defecation remains to be elucidated and depends on the integrity of the anatomic and neuronal structures, as well as on the effective coordination of many mechanical and pressure systems that allow the development of this automatism, which is learned in the first years of life. Structural investigation of the anal canal should be combined with neurophysiological study that would allow us to gain deeper knowledge of these disorders, classify patients more effectively and propose distinct and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Because the therapeutic effect of sacral nerve stimulation is based on neuromodulation, surgeons should become well versed in the neurological bases of defecation and the investigations that should be performed in all patients with fecal incontinence.

Key words:
Neurophysiology
Defecation
Fecal incontinence
Neuromodulation
Sacral nerve stimulation
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