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Vol. 76. Issue 2.
Pages 107-111 (August 2004)
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Vol. 76. Issue 2.
Pages 107-111 (August 2004)
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Abordaje laparoscópico de la oclusión mecánica de intestino delgado en pacientes seleccionados. Resultados preliminares
Laparoscopic approach in mechanical small bowel obstruction in selected patients. Preliminary results
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Carlos Hoyuela1
Corresponding author
28107cha@comb.es

Correspondencia: Dr. C. Hoyuela. Servicio de Cirugía. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Pza. Dr. Robert, 5. 08221 Terrassa. Barcelona. España.
, Enrique Veloso, Constancio Marco
Unidad de Cirugía Laparoscópica. Hospital Mútua de Terrassa. Universidad de Barcelona. Terrassa. Barcelona. España.
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Article information
Resumen
Objetivo

Describir el abordaje laparoscópico de la oclusión de intestino delgado susceptible de tratamiento quirúrgico y analizar su capacidad como técnica diagnóstica y de tratamiento en pacientes seleccionados, evaluando las complicaciones y su impacto en la recuperación postoperatoria de los pacientes.

Pacientes y método

Estudio prospectivo descriptivo de 18 pacientes seleccionados, intervenidos por laparoscopia en régimen de urgencias. Criterios de inclusión: ausencia de contraindicación médica o anestésica y disponibilidad técnica y/o tecnológica del equipo de guardia. Criterios de exclusión: enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal activa, antecedente de neoplasia o radioterapia abdominal y/o laparotomías previas múltiples.

Resultado

El abordaje laparoscópico permitió la exploración completa del intestino delgado en el 100% de los casos, identificar la causa de la oclusión en el 94,4% y resolverla en todos los pacientes (en 2 mediante laparoscopia asistida), excepto en uno. El tiempo operatorio promedio fue de 87 min. No ha habido mortalidad ni complicaciones postoperatorias mayores. Ha habido 2 complicaciones menores en 18 pacientes (11,1%). La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 5 días y el retorno a la actividad normal se efectuó al cabo de 12,3 días. Ningún paciente ha presentado recurrencia ni ha requerido reintervención tras un seguimiento medio de 20 meses.

Conclusiones

El abordaje laparoscópico es una alternativa eficaz para tratar una oclusión de intestino delgado en pacientes estrictamente seleccionados, dados sus buenos resultados terapéuticos y su baja morbilidad. No obstante, la complejidad técnica del procedimiento en determinados casos de oclusión impide su recomendación sistemática.

Palabras clave:
Oclusión
Intestino delgado
Laparoscopia
Tratamiento
Objective

To describe the laparoscopic approach in small bowel obstruction suitable for surgical treatment and to analyze its effectiveness as a diagnostic and therapeutic technique in selected patients by evaluating complications and its impact on postoperative recovery.

Patients and method

We performed a prospective descriptive study in 18 selected patients who underwent emergency laparoscopy. Inclusion criteria were the absence of medical or anesthetic contraindication and technical and/or technologic availability of the duty team. Exclusion criteria were active inflammatory bowel disease, a history of abdominal neoplasia or radiotherapy and/or multiple previous laparotomies.

Result

The laparoscopic approach allowed complete exploration of the small bowel in 100% of the patients and identification of the cause of obstruction in 94.4%. In all but one patient, laparoscopy resolved the obstruction (assisted laparoscopy was used in two). The mean operating time was 87 minut. There was no mortality and there were no major postoperative complications. Minor complications occurred in 11.1% (two complications in 18 patients). The mean length of hospital stay was 5 days and return to normal activity occurred at 12.3 days. None of the patients has shown recurrence or required reintervention after a mean follow-up of 20 months.

Conclusions

Given its good therapeutic results and low morbidity, the laparoscopic approach constitutes an effective alternative in the treatment of small bowel obstruction in strictly selected patients. Nevertheless, because of the technical complexity of the procedure in certain cases of occlusion, the systematic use of this technique is not advisable.

Key words:
Occlusion
Small bowel
Laparoscopy
Treatment
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Copyright © 2004. Asociación Española de Cirujanos
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