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Vol. 85. Issue 1.
Pages 16-21 (January 2010)
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Vol. 85. Issue 1.
Pages 16-21 (January 2010)
Congenital cataracts: complications and functional results according to different surgical techniques
Cataratas congénitas: complicaciones y resultados funcionales según diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas
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S. Perucho-Martínez
Corresponding author
sperucho@ya.com

Author for correspondence.
, P. Tejada-Palacios, J. de-la-Cruz-Bertolo
Ph.D. in Medicine, Ophthalmology Service, University Hospital Doce de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Purpose

To evaluate visual results, refractive error and complications in a series of congenital cataracts treated with different surgical techniques.

Methods

Retrospective review of 51 eyes with congenital cataracts which were surgically treated between 1989 and 2005. Eleven were unilateral cataracts and 40 were bilateral cataracts. Thirty-three eyes were treated with a primary intraocular lens (IOL) and 18 were aphakic eyes.

Results

The best outcomes were observed in bilateral cataracts and in those that received early primary IOL. Three eyes achieved 0.8–1, two eyes achieved 0.6–0.7. All of them were eyes with primary IOL. Seventeen percent of unilateral cataracts and 23.8% of bilateral cataracts achieved 0.4 or better. The most serious complication was visual axis opacification (VAO), 27 of 51 eyes developed VAO. Fifty percent of eyes with primary IOL and 63% of aphakic eyes developed VAO. The VAO developed sooner in the IOL group (6.5 months on average). There was a high myopic shift in 3 eyes. There was a significantly greater myopic shift in the unilateral cases.

Conclusions

The best acuities were achieved in the eyes which had been treated with early primary IOL, but they had a higher rate of complications (VAO), thus requiring reoperation. Final refraction in the unilateral group was significantly more myopic than in the bilateral group.

Keywords:
Congenital caratact
Cataract surgery
Intraocular lens
Amblyopia
Congenital eye disorders
Resumen
Objetivo

Evaluar los resultados funcionales, el error refractivo y las complicaciones de una serie de cataratas congénitas que fueron intervenidas mediante diferentes técnicas.

Métodos

Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 51 ojos con cataratas congénitas que fueron intervenidas quirúrgicamente entre 1989 y 2005. Once cataratas eran unilaterales y 40 eran bilaterales. En 33 ojos se empleó lente intraocular primaria (LIO) mientras que en 18 no se empleó LIO.

Resultados

Los mejores resultados funcionales se observaron en cataratas bilaterales intervenidas quirúrgicamente empleando LIO primaria de forma precoz. Tan sólo 3 ojos consiguieron agudeza visual (AV) de 0,8–1, dos ojos 0,6–0,7. Todos ellos fueron ojos con LIO primaria. El 17% de las cataratas unilaterales y el 23,8% de las bilaterales consiguieron AV de 0,4 o mejor. La complicación más importante fue la opacificación del eje visual (OEV) que ocurrió en 27 de los 51 ojos. El 50% de los ojos con LIO primaria y el 63% de los ojos afáquicos desarrollaron OEV. La OEV se desarrolló antes en el grupo de LIO primaria (con una media de 6,5 meses de edad). Tan sólo se observó un error miópico alto en 3 ojos. Se observó un error miópico significativamente mayor en las cataratas unilaterales.

Conclusiones

Los mejores resultados funcionales se consiguieron en ojos intervenidos con LIO primaria de forma precoz, sin embargo estas cataratas presentaron una tasa mayor de OEV que requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico. La refracción final en el grupo de cataratas unilaterales fue significativamente más miópica que en el grupo de cataratas bilaterales.

Palabras clave:
Catarata congénita
Cirugía de catarata
Lente intraocular
Ambliopía
Desórdenes oculares congénitos

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