This case highlights the significance of ocular manifestations in systemic diseases and their diagnostic implications. The patient is a male of African descent who presented to the emergency department with a sudden, painless decrease in visual acuity in the right eye (OD). He also reported a possible history of congenital anemia that had never been previously diagnosed or managed. Fundoscopic examination revealed a grade ++ vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye, along with areas of peripheral neovascularization located between zones M11–M8 and M2–M3, associated with both temporal and nasal retinal neovascularization, as well as temporal peripheral traction in the left eye (OS). These findings were suggestive of “sea fan” retinopathy, likely related to sickle cell anemia. This diagnostic impression was confirmed by the Internal Medicine and Hematology departments, who based on paraclinical findings initiated hydroxyurea treatment.
El presente caso está enfocado a dilucidar la relevancia de las manifestaciones oculares en patologías sistémicas y su diagnóstico. Se trata de un paciente masculino, afrodescendiente, que acude a urgencias por una disminución súbita de su agudeza visual en OD sin dolor, asociado a un posible antecedente de anemia congénita sin manejo previo. Al valorar el paciente con fundoscopia, se evidencia una hemorragia vítrea derecha ++ con áreas de neovascularización periférica entre M11-M8 y entre M2-M3, asociado a neovascularización retiniana temporal y nasal con tracción periférica temporal en OI. Dichos hallazgos sugestivos de una retinopatía «Sea Fan» con probable vínculo con una anemia de células falciformes, impresión diagnóstica confirmada a través del estudio por Medicina Interna y Hematología, quienes por hallazgos paraclínicos determinan inicio de tratamiento con hidroxiurea.
