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Original article
Available online 10 April 2024
Pelvic floor training to prevent stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review
Entrenamiento del suelo pélvico para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo: revisión sistemática
S.C. Mantilla Toloza
Corresponding author
, A.F. Villareal Cogollo, K.M. Peña García
Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Salud, Universidad de Pamplona, Pamplona, Colombia
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Table 1. Summary of the included studies (n=7).
Table 2. PEDro scale criteria and ratings for the included studies (n=7).
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Abstract
Introduction

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common disorder in women that has a negative impact on quality of life. Pregnancy and childbirth are considered important risk factors that directly affect the pelvic floor during pregnancy and labour, increasing the risk of pelvic floor dysfunction, with prevalence rates of SUI in the postpartum period ranging from 30 to 47% during the first 12 months.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) in the prevention of SUI in women during the antenatal and postnatal period by reviewing and evaluating the available scientific literature.

Methods

This is a systematic review, using only randomised controlled trials. We searched the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane and PEDro. We reviewed 7 prospective studies in English and Portuguese, which included 1,401 pregnant women of legal age who underwent PFMT to prevent SUI.

Results

The results allowed us to establish that PFMT is used for pelvic floor muscles and that this intervention, applied with the appropriate methodology, can prevent or cure SUI.

Conclusions

The application of PFMT in an early stage of pregnancy has positive effects on the continence capacity after delivery.

Keywords:
Stress urinary incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises
Prevention
Pregnancy
Postpartum
Resumen
Introducción

La incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo es una alteración común en las mujeres que repercute de forma negativa en la calidad de vida. El embarazo y el parto son considerados factores de riesgo importantes, afectando directamente el suelo pélvico durante el embarazo y el trabajo de parto, aumentando el riesgo de disfunciones del suelo pélvico, encontrándose tasas de prevalencia de IUE en el postparto del 30al 47% durante los primeros 12 meses.

Objetivo

Determinar la efectividad del entrenamiento del suelo pélvico (EMSP) en la prevención de la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) en mujeres, durante el periodo prenatal y el posparto, mediante la revisión y la evaluación de la literatura científica disponible.

Métodos

Revisión sistemática, que usó como objeto de estudio exclusivamente Ensayos Controlados Aleatorios. Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane y PEDro. Se evaluaron 7 estudios prospectivos en idiomas inglés y portugués, que incluyeron 1.401 mujeres embarazadas sometidas a EMSP, para prevenir la IUE.

Resultados

Los resultados permitieron identificar que el EMSP se utiliza para prevenir la IUE en los músculos del suelo pélvico.

Conclusiones

Aplicación del EMSP en una fase temprana del embarazo tienen efectos positivos sobre la capacidad de continencia después del parto.

Palabras clave:
Incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo
Fortalecimiento suelo pélvico
Prevención
Embarazo
Postparto

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