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Original article
Available online 12 March 2024
Conservative management of high-grade renal trauma
Manejo conservador del traumatismo renal de alto grado
A. Aguilera Bazána,
Corresponding author
, Á. Yebesa, M. Álvarez-Maestroa, J. Díeza, M. Samblásb, L. Martínez Piñeiroa
a Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
b Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Series description Period A (2001–2010), Period B (2011–2022).
Abstract
Introduction

Renal trauma is the most common of urological trauma and accounts for up to 5% of all. The AAST scale is the most widely used to assess renal trauma. This study focuses on high-grade trauma, whose treatment has evolved towards a conservative approach, with techniques such as angioembolization. The aim is to describe the evolution in the management of high-grade renal trauma in all patients treated at La Paz University Hospital from 2001 to 2022.

Methods

A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on patients treated at the hospital. The study was divided into two periods (2001–2010 and 2011–2022). A total of 285 patients with renal trauma were collected, of which 54 were high grade. The main variable is the type of management, conservative (embolization) or interventional through nephrectomy.

Results

In the completed series, there was a decrease in radical nephrectomy in high-grade renal trauma from 50% to 13.8% over time, with an increase in embolization from 23,1% to 44,8%. In patients with isolated renal trauma, those treated with embolization increased from 28.6% to 69.2%, while those undergoing radical/partial nephrectomy decreased from 42.8% to 7.69%.

Conclusion

The management of renal trauma has evolved over the years in our center. The number of patients treated by embolization has increased, while the number of complications and nephrectomies has decreased.

Keywords:
Renal trauma
Treatment
High grade
Resumen
Introducción

El traumatismo renal es más común dentro de los urológicos y representa hasta un 5%. La escala de AAST es la más utilizada para valorarlo. Este trabajo, se centra en los traumatismos de alto grado cuyo tratamiento ha evolucionado hacia el manejo conservador, utilizando técnicas como la angioembolización. Se busca describir la evolución en el manejo del traumatismo renal de alto grado en todos los pacientes tratados en el Hospital Universitario La Paz desde 2001 hasta 2022.

Material y métodos

Se ha llevado a cabo un estudio prospectivo de los pacientes tratados en el hospital en dos periodos (2001–2010 y 2011–2022). Se recopilan un total de 285 pacientes con traumatismo renal, de los cuales 54 son de alto grado. La principal variable es el tipo de manejo, conservador (embolización) o intervencionista mediante nefrectomía (radical/parcial).

Resultados

En la serie completa existe una disminución de la nefrectomía radical en los traumatismos de alto grado de un 50% a 13,8% a lo largo del tiempo con un aumento de las embolizaciones de 23,1% a 44,8% En los traumatismos renales únicos, los tratados con embolización aumentan de 28,6% hasta 69,2% mientras que los pacientes intervenidos por nefrectomía radical/parcial pasan de 42,8% a 7,69%.

Conclusión

La embolización en los traumatismos renales de alto grado reduce la tasa de nefrectomías de urgencia y debe realizarse en centros con experiencia

Palabras clave:
Traumatismo renal
Alto grado
Embolización

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