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Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Factors associated with pregnancy related complications in women with a history ...
Journal Information
Vol. 49. Issue 8.
(October 2025)
Review article
Factors associated with pregnancy related complications in women with a history of vesicoureteral reflux: A systematic review by the EAU-YAU Paediatric Urology Working Group
Factores asociados con complicaciones en el embarazo de mujeres con antecedente de reflujo vesicoureteral: una revisión sistemática del Grupo de Trabajo de Urología Pediátrica de la Sección de Jóvenes Urólogos Académicos (YAU) - Asociación Europea de Urología (EAU)
Ismail Selvia,
Corresponding author
ismselvi33@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, M. İrfan Dönmeza, Numan Baydillib, Yesica Quirroz Madarriagac, Rianne J.M. Lammersd, Edoardo Bindie, Simone Sforzaf, Fardod O'Kellyg, Bernhard Haidh, Beatriz Banuelos Marcoi, Lisette A. t' Hoenj
a İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, Division of Pediatric Urology, Turkey
b Department of Pediatric Urology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
c Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
d Department of Urology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
e Ospedale Pediatrico G Salesi, Department of Pediatric Urology, G Salesi Paediatric Hospital, Ancona, Italy
f Department of Paediatric Urology, Meyer Children Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
g Division of Paediatric Urology, Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
h Department of Pediatric Urology, Hospital of the Sisters of Charity, Linz, Austria
i Department of Urology, University Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
j Department of Pediatric Urology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Demographic characteristics of patients in the included articles.
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Table 2. Clinical characteristics of patients in the included articles.
Tables
Table 3. Outcomes related to maternal morbidity during pregnancy in the included articles.
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Table 4. Outcomes related to fetal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in the included articles.
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Special issue
This article is part of special issue:
State-of-the-Art in Paediatric Urology: Clinical Controversies, Expert Consensus, and International Perspectives

Edited by: Yesica Quiroz Madarriaga Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
Lisette Aimee t'Hoen Department of Pediatric Urology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherland

Last update: September 2025

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Abstract
Introduction

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) may have long lasting effects on affected individuals, especially in females. Its intertwined relationship with urinary tract infection (UTI) has been well documented and there is a further risk during pregnancy where UTIs are more problematic.

Objective

To analyze existing data within the literature to identify factors associated with pregnancy-related complications in women with a history of VUR in childhood.

Methods

PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify all published reports of pregnancy outcomes in women with a history of VUR in childhood up to January 2024 (PROSPERO Registration ID: CRD42024550470). Selection criteria included all English-language original articles reporting pregnancy outcomes (maternal and fetal morbidities) in pregnant patients with a history of VUR in childhood. After screening and eligibility assessment, 17 articles met the PICO inclusion criteria.

Results

The search yielded 1060 papers, of which 17 remained after exclusions, and assessed 2349 women with a history of VUR in childhood,1167 pregnant women and a total of 2206 pregnancies. Compared with the general obstetric population, the results showed an increased rate of pregnancy-related complications (particularly febrile urinary tract infection, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia) in the presence of renal scarring, even if the women had undergone anti-reflux surgery in childhood, but not persistent low-grade VUR.

Conclusion

Despite the lack of larger prospective randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up, based on the findings of this systematic review, we conclude that close monitoring during pregnancy should be recommended in the presence of persistent high-grade VUR or in women with renal scarring, even if VUR has resolved.

Keywords:
Vesicoureteral reflux
Pregnancy
Urinary tract infections
Renal scarring
Pre-Eclampsia
Fetal morbidity
Resumen
Introducción

El reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) puede tener efectos duraderos en los individuos afectados, especialmente en las mujeres. Su relación con la infección del tracto urinario (ITU) ha sido bien documentada y existe un riesgo adicional durante el embarazo, donde las ITU son más problemáticas.

Objetivo

Analizar la información disponible en la literatura para identificar los factores asociados a las complicaciones en el embarazo de mujeres con antecedente de RVU en la infancia.

Métodos

Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase y Cochrane Library identificando todos los artículos publicados sobre las complicaciones del embarazo en mujeres con antecedente de RVU en la infancia hasta enero del 2024. (ID de registro PROSPERO: CRD42024550470). Los criterios de selección incluyeron todos los artículos originales en ingles que informaban sobre las complicaciones del embarazo (morbilidad materna y fetal) en mujeres con antecedente de RVU en la infancia. Tras el cribado y la evaluación de la elegibilidad, 17 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión PICO.

Resultados

Se encontraron 1060 artículos, de los cuales permanecieron 17, evaluando 2349 mujeres con antecedente de RVU en la infancia, 1167 embarazadas con un total de 2206 embarazos. En comparación con la población obstétrica general, los resultados mostraron una mayor tasa de complicaciones relacionadas con el embarazo (en particular, infección febril del tracto urinario, hipertensión gestacional, preeclampsia) en presencia de cicatrices renales, incluso si las mujeres se habían sometido a cirugía antirreflujo en la infancia, pero no en aquellas con RVU persistente de bajo grado.

Conclusiones

A pesar de la falta de ensayos controlados aleatorizados prospectivos más amplios con seguimiento a largo plazo, basándonos en los hallazgos de esta revisión sistemática, concluimos que se debe recomendar un seguimiento estrecho durante el embarazo en mujeres con RVU de alto grado persistente o cicatrices renales, incluso si el RVU se ha resuelto.

Palabras clave:
Reflujo vesicoureteral
Embarazo
Infecciones urinarias
Cicatrices renales
Preeclampsia
Morbilidad fetal

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