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Original article
Available online 7 March 2024
The effect of interleukin-33 expression on prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Efecto de la expresión de interleucina-33 en el pronóstico de los pacientes con cáncer de nasofaringe
İbrahim Arslana,
Corresponding author
dr.arslanibrahim@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Hatice Yılmazçobana, Hülya Eyigöra, Canan Sadullahoğlub, Derya Salim Kıvrakc, Gözde Akgünb, Ömer Tarık Selçuka
a Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ear Nose and Throat, Antalya, Turkey
b Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Antalya, Turkey
c Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
Received 03 January 2024. Accepted 05 January 2024
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of the patients.
Table 2. Distribution of IL-33 expression in NPC and control groups.
Table 3. Relationship between clinicopathological data and IL-33 expression.
Table 4. Life expectancy of patients according to IL-33 positivity using the Kaplan–Meier estimator.
Table 5. Parameters with predictive value for five-year overall survival according to univariate analysis.
Table 6. Parameters with predictive value for five-year overall survival according to multivariate analysis.
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Abstract
Introduction

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a newly defined inflammatory cytokine that is a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene family. This cytokine is expressed in structural cells, such as the vascular endothelium, bronchial epithelial cells, keratinocytes, epithelial cells of the stomach, and fibroblastic reticular cells of lymphoid tissues. Several studies suggest that IL-33 plays a role in head-and-neck cancer. The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine IL-33 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to evaluate its relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.

Methods

In this monocentric, retrospective analysis, the data of 43 cases diagnosed with primary NPC and 20 cases with normal nasopharyngeal tissue (diagnosed between 2014 and 2020) were evaluated regarding the relationship between the immunohistochemically analyzed IL-33 expression status and corresponding clinicopathological parameters.

Results

The mean age was 56.9 years. The majority (67.4%) of the patients had an early tumor stage (T1–T2). IL-33 expression was positive in 56% of the cases. The five-year overall survival rate was 77% for all patients, 90% for the patients with positive IL-33 expression, and 55% for those without IL-33 expression (p = 0.008, univariate analysis). In multivariate analysis, IL-33 expression was shown to be the only independent prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (p = 0.014).

Conclusion

This retrospective study showed that IL-33 expression could be considered an independent factor affecting positively prognosis in NPC.

Keywords:
Interleukin-33
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Prognosis
Immunohistochemistry
Cytokine
Resumen
Introducción

Interleucina-33 (IL-33) es una citocina inflamatoria de nueva definición, que es miembro de la familia genética de interleucina-1 (IL-1). Dicha citocina se expresa en las células estructurales, tales como el endotelio vascular, las células epiteliales bronquiales, los queratinocitos, las células epiteliales del estómago y las células reticulares fibroblásticas de los tejidos linfoides. Diversos estudios sugieren que IL-33 juega un papel en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar retrospectivamente la expresión de IL-33 en el cáncer de nasofaringe (CN) y evaluar la relación entre las características clínicopatológicas y el pronóstico.

Métodos

En este análisis monocéntrico y retrospectivo se evaluaron los datos de 43 casos diagnosticados de CN primario y 20 casos con tejido nasofaríngeo normal (diagnosticados entre 2014 y 2020), en términos de relación entre el estatus de la expresión de IL-33 analizada mediante inmunohistoquímica y los parámetros clínicopatológicos correspondientes.

Resultados

La edad media de los pacientes fue de 56,9 años. La mayoría de ellos (67,4%) tenía tumor temprano en estadio (T1–T2). La expresión de IL-33 fue positiva en el 56% de los casos. La tasa de supervivencia global a cinco años fue del 77% para todos los pacientes, del 90% para los pacientes con expresión positiva de IL-33, y del 55% para aquellos sin expresión de IL-33 (p = 0,008 en el análisis univariante). En el análisis multivariante, la expresión de IL-33 fue el único marcador pronóstico independiente del cáncer de nasofaringe (p = 0,014).

Conclusión

Este estudio retrospectivo reflejó que la expresión de IL-33 podría ser considerada un factor independiente, que afecta positivamente al pronóstico de CN.

Palabras clave:
Interleucina-33
Cáncer de nasofaringe
Pronóstico
Inmunohistoquímica
Citocina

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