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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Locally Advanced Laryngeal Cancer
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Vol. 64. Issue 2.
Pages 87-168 (March - April 2013)
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Vol. 64. Issue 2.
Pages 87-168 (March - April 2013)
Review Article

Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Locally Advanced Laryngeal Cancer

Tratamiento de los tumores laríngeos localmente avanzados mediante microcirugía transoral láser
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Isabel Vilaseca
Corresponding author
ivila@clinic.ub.es

Corresponding author.
, Manuel Bernal-Sprekelsen
Servicio ORL, Hospital Clínic, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

In recent years, surgical treatment of laryngeal cancer has evolved towards transoral resections. Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) combines microscopic control with the precise cutting and coagulation capability that laser equipment has, making it possible to remove laryngeal tumours by the transoral approach, with very good oncological and functional outcomes. In early tumours, local control with TLM has been proved to be as good as in open surgery and totally comparable to that achieved under radiation protocols, at a much lower cost. Consequently, TLM is presently considered a first line treatment in early laryngeal cancer.

These good oncological and functional results have led to an increase in TLM indications for intermediate or advanced carcinomas. In this article we review the role of TLM in the treatment of locally advanced tumours of the larynx, with special emphasis on appropriate patient selection and different technical considerations.

Although TLM is not presently considered a standard treatment for locally advanced laryngeal tumours, the outcomes published in the literature are very encouraging, with results comparable to other treatment alternatives in appropriately selected patients. Compared to external surgical procedures, TLM reduces patient morbidity, provides faster recovery and makes it possible to avoid tracheotomy in a high number of patients.

Keywords:
Transoral laser microsurgery
Laryngeal carcinoma
Locally advanced tumours
Resumen

El tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de laringe ha evolucionando en los últimos años hacia técnicas mínimamente invasivas que permiten la resección tumoral por vía transoral. La microcirugía transoral con láser carbónico (MTL), combina la precisión y capacidad de coagulación del láser carbónico con el control microscópico, proporcionando muy buenos resultados oncológicos y funcionales. Los resultados de la MTL en tumores laríngeos precoces son totalmente comparables a los de la cirugía parcial externa, con un control local igual o superior al conseguido con la radioterapia y con un coste considerablemente inferior. Debido a ello, la MTL se considera hoy en día un tratamiento de primera elección en el tratamiento del cáncer de laringe precoz.

Los excelentes resultados de la MTL en tumores precoces han llevado paulatinamente a la ampliación de sus indicaciones a algunos tumores considerados intermedios y/o localmente avanzados. El presente artículo revisa el papel de la MTL en tumores laríngeos avanzados, haciendo especial hincapié en una adecuada selección de candidatos, y facilitando detalles técnicos de la resección.

Aunque hoy en día la MTL no se considera un tratamiento estándar en los tumores laríngeos localmente avanzados, los resultados publicados en la literatura son muy esperanzadores, con resultados oncológicos y funcionales totalmente equiparables a los de otras alternativas terapéuticas en pacientes adecuadamente seleccionados. Comparado con otras técnicas quirúrgicas, la MTL aporta una menor morbilidad para el paciente, una recuperación funcional más rápida y la posibilidad de evitar la traqueotomía en un porcentaje muy elevado de ellos.

Palabras clave:
Microcirugía transoral láser
Carcinoma de laringe
Tumores localmente avanzados

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