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Acta Otorrinolaringológica Española Hypocalcaemia After Total Thyroidectomy: Incidence, Control and Treatment
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Vol. 64. Issue 2.
Pages 87-168 (March - April 2013)
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Vol. 64. Issue 2.
Pages 87-168 (March - April 2013)
Original Article

Hypocalcaemia After Total Thyroidectomy: Incidence, Control and Treatment

Hipocalcemia postiroidectomía total: incidencia, control y tratamiento
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Jesús Herranz González-Botas
Corresponding author
, Diana Lourido Piedrahita
Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Hypocalcaemia, although usually transitory, is the most frequent complication after total thyroidectomy.

Objective

To identify factors associated with a higher risk of hypoparathyroidism and related to aetiology and surgical procedure.

Materials and methods

A total of 254 total thyroidectomies were analysed for the incidence of transitory or permanent hypocalcaemia based on the relationship with etiological and surgical factors.

Results

Transient hypocalcaemia was present in 29.1% of the cases and permanent hypocalcaemia was present in 4.7%. Postoperative hypocalcaemia was lower in patients with completion thyroidectomy than in patients that underwent total thyroidectomy in a single operation, 12% vs 31%. Patients with Graves–Basedow disease developed postoperative hypocalcaemia in 50% of the cases. Mean recovery time of parathyroid function was 5.2 months, with 72.2% of the patients recovering before 6 months.

Conclusions

Postoperative hypocalcaemia is a frequent complication of total thyroidectomy, but it is seldom permanent. Patients with Graves–Basedow disease have a higher incidence of postoperative hypocalcaemia and need closer follow-up. Postoperative calcium level analysis at 24 and 48h after surgery is not useful for rapid identification of patients at high risk of hypocalcaemia.

Keywords:
Hypocalcaemia
Thyroidectomy
Graves–Basedow
Resumen
Introducción

La hipocalcemia es la complicación más frecuente de la tiroidectomía total, si bien pasajera en la mayoría de los casos.

Objetivo

Identificar factores patológicos y quirúrgicos, que pudieran estar asociados a un mayor riesgo de hipocalcemia.

Material y método

Se analizaron 254 pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía total, analizando la incidencia de hipocalcemia postoperatoria y definitiva en función de los factores relacionados con la etiología de la afección tiroidea y los factores quirúrgicos.

Resultados

El 29,1% presentó hipocalcemia postoperatoria y el 4,7% hipocalcemia definitiva. La incidencia de hipocalcemia postoperatoria fue significativamente menor (p<0,05) en pacientes a los que se les completaba la tiroidectomía total en un segundo tiempo, 12 vs 31% cuando se realizaba la tiroidectomía total en un solo tiempo. Los pacientes con Graves-Basedow presentaron hipocalcemia postoperatoria en el 50% de los casos. El tiempo medio de recuperación de la función paratiroidea fue de 5,2 meses y en el 72,2% se produjo antes de los 6 meses.

Conclusiones

La presencia de hipocalcemia postoperatoria es una complicación frecuente de la tiroidectomía total, que se recupera en la mayoría de las ocasiones. Los pacientes con Graves-Basedow tienen un mayor riesgo de padecer esta complicación, por lo que deben ser controlados de forma estrecha. El control postoperatorio a las 24 y 48h no es útil en la identificación de los pacientes con riesgo de hipocalcemia.

Palabras clave:
Hipocalcemia
Tiroidectomía
Graves-Basedow

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