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Journal Information
Vol. 66. Issue 6.
Pages 332-341 (November - December 2015)
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Vol. 66. Issue 6.
Pages 332-341 (November - December 2015)
Original article
Head and Neck Paragangliomas: Experience in 126 Patients With 162 Tumours
Paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello: experiencia en 126 pacientes con 162 tumores
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Ricardo José González-Orús Álvarez-Morujo
Corresponding author
ricardomorujo@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Miguel Ángel Arístegui Ruiz, Julia da Costa Belisario, Tomás Martinez Guirado, Bartolomé Scola Yurrita
Servicio de ORL, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (9)
Table 1. Patients With Head and Neck Paragangliomas (n=126).
Table 2. Patients With Multifocal Paragangliomas (n=24).
Table 3. Classification of the Paraganglion Tumours (n=162).
Table 4. Clinical Symptoms at the Start of Diagnostics.
Table 5. Therapeutic Management of Isolated Head and Neck Paragangliomas.
Table 6. Surgical Approaches Used in the Treatment of Isolated Tympanic and Jugular Paragangliomas.
Table 7. Nerve Complications (Postoperative Deficit in Cranial Nerves).
Table 8. Postoperative Facial Function Results After Jugular Paraganglioma Intervention, With and Without Facial Nerve Transposition (n=37).
Table 9. Therapeutic Procedures Used for Facial, Swallowing and Speech Rehabilitation of the Patients Operated on for Head and Neck Paraganglioma.
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Abstract
Introduction

Head and neck paragangliomas are rare tumours of a neuroendocrine nature. The aim of this study was to show our experience in the management of these kind of tumours.

Methods

This was a retrospective study of head and neck paragangliomas diagnosed between 1978 and 2014. A total of 126 patients with 162 tumours were analysed. The paragangliomas included 88 jugulotympanic tumours, 53 carotid tumours and 21 vagal paragangliomas.

Results

Mean age at diagnosis was 53.1 years; 87 patients were female (69.1%) and 39, male (30.9%). Multifocality was present in 24 patients (19.1%). Germline mutations were found in 20 patients analysed; SDHD and SDHB were the most frequent. Surgery was performed on 72 isolated paragangliomas: these were 9 carotid, 21 tympanic, 37 jugular and 5 vagal paragangliomas. There were 25 isolated tumours that were observed periodically: 7 carotid, 3 tympanic, 9 jugular and 6 vagal paragangliomas; 5 jugular tumours were irradiated. Multifocal paragangliomas were individually treated, with a total of 26 surgical procedures and 36 tumours resected, 9 irradiated and 12 tumours periodically observed. Postoperative cranial nerve deficits in isolated carotid paragangliomas were lower (15%) compared with jugular tumours (45.5%, P=.04). Nerve deficit was found more frequently in tumours with intradural extension (100%) than in extradural tumours (37.5%, P=.007).

Conclusions

Management of head and neck paragangliomas include surgery, radiotherapy and wait and scan policies. A combination of all of them is usually needed in patients with multifocal paragangliomas.

Keywords:
Head and neck paraganglioma
Multifocal paraganglioma
Surgical approaches
Management
Resumen
Introducción

Los paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello son tumores infrecuentes de naturaleza neuroendocrina. El objetivo de nuestro estudio es mostrar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de estos tumores.

Métodos

Estudio retrospectivo de paragangliomas cervicocefálicos diagnosticados entre 1978-2014. En total fueron 126 pacientes con 162 tumores. Entre los tumores analizados se incluyeron 88 paragangliomas yugulotimpánicos (54,3%), 53 carotídeos (32,7%) y 21 vagales (12,9%).

Resultados

La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 53,1 años; 87 pacientes eran mujeres (69,1%), y 39 varones (30,9%). La multicentricidad estuvo presente en 24 pacientes (19,1%). Se encontraron mutaciones genéticas germinales en el 50% de los pacientes analizados, siendo SDHD y SDHB las más frecuentes. Se intervinieron quirúrgicamente 72 paragangliomas aislados: 9 carotídeos, 21 timpánicos, 37 yugulares y 5 vagales; 25 tumores aislados fueron observados periódicamente: 7 carotídeos, 3 timpánicos, 9 yugulares y 6 vagales; 5 tumores yugulares fueron radiados. Los paragangliomas multicéntricos fueron tratados individualmente, con un total de 26 procedimientos quirúrgicos y 36 tumores resecados, 9 tumores sometidos a radioterapia y 12 controlados periódicamente. La complicación derivada de la resección de paragangliomas carotídeos aislados fue baja (15%) comparativamente con los paragangliomas yugulares (45,5%; p=0,04). La complicación nerviosa fue mayor en tumores con extensión intradural (100%) con respecto a tumores extradurales (37,5%; p=0,007).

Conclusiones

El manejo de paragangliomas de cabeza y cuello incluye diferentes estrategias, entre las que están la cirugía, la radioterapia y la observación periódica. La combinación de todas ellas es especialmente importante en los pacientes con paragangliomas multicéntricos.

Palabras clave:
Paraganglioma de cabeza y cuello
Paraganglioma multicéntrico
Abordaje quirúrgico
Tratamiento

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