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Vol. 50. Issue 1.
Pages 22-28 (January - March 2024)
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Vol. 50. Issue 1.
Pages 22-28 (January - March 2024)
Original Article
Forensic population study of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy in children and young people during the period 1991–2021
Estudio poblacional forense de la muerte súbita inexplicada en la epilepsia en niños y jóvenes durante el periodo 1991–2021
Klaudia I. Bidaurrazagaa, Joaquín Lucenab, Benito Morentinc,d,e,
Corresponding author
morentin.b@justizia.eus

Corresponding author.
a Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
b Servicio de Patología Forense, Instituto Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Sevilla, Spain
c Servicio de Patología Forense, Instituto Vasco de Medicina Legal, Bizkaia, Spain
d Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces, Baracaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
e Departamento de Especialidades Médico Quirúrgicas, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Mortality data due to epilepsy and sudden death in epileptic patients (SUDEP).
Table 2. Routine treatment of patients with known medical history and post-mortem toxicology results in relation to antiepileptic drugs.
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Abstract
Introduction

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a major cause of mortality in young epileptic patients. The objective of the work is to analyse its frequency and clinical–pathological characteristics as a cause of sudden death in epileptics under 35 years of age.

Methods

Retrospective population study of all SUDEP in people aged 1–35 years in Bizkaia (period 1991–2021) and Seville (2004–2021) investigated in the Forensic Pathology Services (FPS). In each case, a complete autopsy was carried out with histopathological and toxicological studies, and review of clinical and circumstantial data. Data from the Mortality Registry for deaths by epilepsy were examined.

Results

101 deaths due to epilepsy were registered in the Mortality Registries and 46 SUDEP cases in the FPS, representing 6% of forensic sudden deaths in this age population. A high frequency of post-traumatic epilepsy cases (n=5), brain abnormalities (n=5), or epilepsy associated to developmental disorders (n=4) or mental retardation (n=3) was observed. The toxicological analysis was positive in 75%, highlighting the presence of antiepileptic drugs (n=26). Illegal drugs were detected in 5 young people, mainly cocaine (n=3). Death was unwitnessed in most subjects (85%) and occurred at night (n=63%) while sleeping.

Conclusions

SUDEP in children and young people is infrequent, however, it is an important cause of mortality in epileptics. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, it is recommended to strengthen the medical control of epilepsy in youth, mainly in patients with post-traumatic or post-surgical epilepsy or in those who have associated developmental disorders or mental retardation.

Keywords:
Sudden death
Epilepsy
Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP)
Forensic pathology
Resumen
Introducción

La muerte súbita inexplicada en la epilepsia (MSIEP) es una causa importante de mortalidad en pacientes epilépticos jóvenes. Sin embargo, su existencia es poco conocida en el ámbito forense. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la frecuencia y características clínico-patológicas de la MSIEP en epilépticos menores de 35 años.

Métodos

Estudio observacional de todas MSIEP ocurridas en personas de 1–35 años en Bizkaia (periodo 1991–2021) y Sevilla (2004–2021) investigadas en los Servicios de Patología Forense (SPF). Además, se examinaron las muertes por epilepsia de los Registro de Mortalidad.

Resultados

Se registraron 101 muertes por epilepsia en los Registros de Mortalidad y 46 MSIEP en los SPF, representado el 6% de las muertes súbitas en esta edad. Se registró una alta frecuencia de casos de epilepsia postraumática (n = 5), o con anomalías cerebrales (n = 5) o asociadas a trastornos del desarrollo (n = 4) o retraso mental (n = 3). El estudio toxicológico fue positivo en el 75%, destacando la presencia de fármacos antiepilépticos (n = 26). Se detectaron drogas ilegales en 5 jóvenes, principalmente cocaína (n = 3). La muerte fue no presenciada en la mayoría de los sujetos (85%) y sucedió por la noche (n = 63%) durante el sueño.

Conclusiones

La MSIEP en niños y jóvenes es infrecuente, pero constituye una causa importante de mortalidad en epilépticos. Aunque los mecanismos de la MSIEP no son bien conocidos, se recomienda reforzar el control médico de la epilepsia en la juventud, principalmente en pacientes con epilepsia postraumática o post-quirúrgica o en aquellos con trastornos del desarrollo o retraso mental asociados.

Palabras clave:
Muerte Súbita
Epilepsia
Muerte súbita inexplicada en epilepsia (MSIEP)
Patología Forense

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