metricas
covid
Buscar en
Radiología (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Radiología (English Edition) Inter-observer agreement on levels of evidence in radiology articles
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Brief report
Inter-observer agreement on levels of evidence in radiology articles
Concordancia interobservador de los niveles de evidencia en artículos radiológicos
C. García-Villara,c,
Corresponding author
, J.M. Plasencia-Martínezb, M.T. Gutiérrez-Amaresc, J.M. García-Santosb
a Unidad de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
b Servicio de Radiología, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
c Departamento Materno-Infantil y Radiología, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
Read
48
Times
was read the article
5
Total PDF
43
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S2173510723001325"
  "issn" => "21735107"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.08.001"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-11-01"
  "aid" => "1533"
  "copyright" => "SERAM"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2023"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "sco"
  "cita" => "Radiologia. 2023;65:573-6"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:19 [
      "pii" => "S0033833823001686"
      "issn" => "00338338"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rx.2023.08.006"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-11-01"
      "aid" => "1533"
      "copyright" => "SERAM"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "subdocumento" => "sco"
      "cita" => "Radiologia. 2023;65:573-6"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => false
        "ES2" => false
        "LATM" => false
      ]
      "gratuito" => false
      "lecturas" => array:1 [
        "total" => 0
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Comunicaci&#243;n breve</span>"
        "titulo" => "Concordancia interobservador de los niveles de evidencia en art&#237;culos radiol&#243;gicos"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "573"
            "paginaFinal" => "576"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Inter-observer agreement on levels of evidence in radiology articles"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1304
                "Ancho" => 2177
                "Tamanyo" => 191310
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Tipos de art&#237;culos incluidos y excluidos en el an&#225;lisis final&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "C&#46; Garc&#237;a-Villar, J&#46;M&#46; Plasencia-Mart&#237;nez, M&#46;T&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Amares, J&#46;M&#46; Garc&#237;a-Santos"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "C&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Villar"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Plasencia-Mart&#237;nez"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;T&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Guti&#233;rrez-Amares"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Santos"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173510723001325"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.08.001"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173510723001325?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0033833823001686?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/00338338/0000006500000006/v1_202311020932/S0033833823001686/v1_202311020932/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173510723001362"
    "issn" => "21735107"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.04.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-11-01"
    "aid" => "1488"
    "copyright" => "SERAM"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Radiologia. 2023;65:577"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
      "titulo" => "Back to normal&#58; Burnout syndrome in radiology professionals"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:1 [
          "paginaInicial" => "577"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "De regreso a la normalidad&#58; s&#237;ndrome de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">burnout</span> en los profesionales de radiolog&#237;a"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A&#46; Medina Gamero"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Medina Gamero"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0033833823000644"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rx.2023.04.005"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0033833823000644?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173510723001362?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735107/0000006500000006/v2_202401250617/S2173510723001362/v2_202401250617/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:19 [
    "pii" => "S2173510723001416"
    "issn" => "21735107"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.06.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-11-01"
    "aid" => "1512"
    "copyright" => "The Author&#40;s&#41;"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "sco"
    "cita" => "Radiologia. 2023;65:568-72"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief report</span>"
      "titulo" => "Percutaneous cementoplasty of periprosthetic aseptic hip loosening"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "568"
          "paginaFinal" => "572"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Cementaci&#243;n percut&#225;nea &#40;femoroplastia&#41; de pr&#243;tesis de cadera con aflojamiento as&#233;ptico"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 404
              "Ancho" => 1555
              "Tamanyo" => 130153
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "at0005"
              "detalle" => "Figure "
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Femoroplasty technique&#46; Sedation and local anaesthesia&#46; Needles &#40;10&#8211;13&#8239;G&#41; guided by CT or fluoroscopy&#46; Strict asepsis&#46; Sometimes a hammer or drill is necessary to perforate the cortex&#44; if it is not possible to do so by hand&#46; Anterolateral access &#40;to avoid the rectus femoris tendon&#41;&#46; After mixing PMMA cement&#8239;&#43;&#8239;tantalum &#40;radiopaque&#41;&#8239;&#43;&#8239;antibiotic &#40;gentamicin 2&#8239;g&#41;&#44; there are approximately three minutes before it consolidates&#46; Image-guided monitoring can rule out leakage and proximal progression&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "X&#46; Tomas Batlle, J&#46;C&#46; Soler-Perromat, J&#46; Blasco Andaluz, J&#46;A&#46; Fern&#225;ndez-Valencia"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "X&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Tomas Batlle"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;C&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Soler-Perromat"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Blasco Andaluz"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Fern&#225;ndez-Valencia"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0033833823001261"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.rx.2023.06.006"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => false
          "ES2" => false
          "LATM" => false
        ]
        "gratuito" => false
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0033833823001261?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173510723001416?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735107/0000006500000006/v2_202401250617/S2173510723001416/v2_202401250617/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief report</span>"
    "titulo" => "Inter-observer agreement on levels of evidence in radiology articles"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "573"
        "paginaFinal" => "576"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "C&#46; Garc&#237;a-Villar, J&#46;M&#46; Plasencia-Mart&#237;nez, M&#46;T&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Amares, J&#46;M&#46; Garc&#237;a-Santos"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "C&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Villar"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "cristina.garcia.villar@gmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Plasencia-Mart&#237;nez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;T&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Guti&#233;rrez-Amares"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Santos"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Radiodiagn&#243;stico&#44; Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar&#44; C&#225;diz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Radiolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer&#44; Murcia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Departamento Materno-Infantil y Radiolog&#237;a&#44; Universidad de C&#225;diz&#44; C&#225;diz&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Concordancia interobservador de los niveles de evidencia en art&#237;culos radiol&#243;gicos"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1304
            "Ancho" => 2177
            "Tamanyo" => 191310
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Types of article included and excluded in the final analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Evidence-based radiology &#40;EBR&#41; involves selecting the most appropriate imaging modality according to the best available research&#44; and combining it with the physician&#8217;s experience and the patient&#8217;s expectations&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Knowing the Level of Evidence &#40;LE&#41; assigned to an article provides important information for clinical decision making&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> LEs form a hierarchical classification of studies according to their design and suggest a greater or lesser likelihood of bias&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first evidence grading system was developed by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care &#40;CTFPHC&#41; in 1976&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Among the LE classification systems that have proliferated ever since&#44; the following stand out&#58; Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine &#40;OCEBM&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network &#40;SIGN&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence &#40;NICE&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and the National Health and Medical Research Council &#40;NHMRC&#41; of Australia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> There is considerable variation between these grading scales&#46; This departs from the principles of EBR which ultimately aims to standardise clinical practice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of our study is to discover which LE classification system produces the best interobserver agreement for radiology articles&#44; and thus is the simplest to reproduce and interpret&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Material and method</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Selection of journals</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All selected journals feature in the 2020 Journal Citation Report &#40;JCR&#41; in the category &#8216;Radiology&#44; Nuclear Medicine &#38; Medical Imaging&#8217; dated 1 June 2020&#46; Those specific to &#8216;radiation oncology&#8217;&#44; &#8216;optics&#8217;&#44; &#8216;molecular imaging&#8217; and &#8216;preclinical radiation physics and biology&#8217; were excluded along with journals that focus solely on one specific area or one specific imaging technique as our aim was to obtain articles from a wide range of areas&#46; The following 12 journals&#44; from all four quartile rankings&#44; were included&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Q1&#58; Radiology&#59; European Radiology&#59; Korean Journal of Radiology&#59; Radiographics&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Q2&#58; American Journal of Roentgenology&#59; European Journal of Radiology&#59; Academic Radiology&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Q3&#58; Clinical Radiology&#59; British Journal of Radiology&#59; Acta Radiol&#243;gica&#59; Japanese Journal of Radiology&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Q4&#58; La Radiolog&#237;a Medica&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Selection of articles</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim was to obtain a diverse sample that included different topics &#40;for this reason&#44; the search period was dated prior to the COVID-19 pandemic in order to achieve a greater diversity of subjects&#41; and varied methodologies so that a range of LEs would need to be assigned&#46; Twenty original articles were randomly selected from each journal&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Selection of evidence scales</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Only the following four LE scales currently include the category of diagnosis&#58; Sakett&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> OCEBM&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> NICE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and NHMRC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11</span></a> Of these four&#44; we selected the two that examine articles from more categories so more articles could be assessed&#46; The two selected scales were the 2011 version of OCEBM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> and the 2009 version of NHMRC&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Interobserver agreement on the LE of the articles was established through the assessment of the abstract by two blinded radiologists &#40;CGV and JMPM&#41;&#46; Both observers had 10 years of experience with EBR methodology&#46; In order to address any potential queries that could surface in the classification process&#44; a training session was carried out in which both scales were used to assess 10 original articles that differed from the ones included in the study&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">During the abstract analysis&#44; the observers were blinded to the names of the journals&#44; authors or any affiliation data that could influence the classification of the articles&#46; The anonymisation process was carried out by a third researcher&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At times&#44; the abstracts did not include all the information required to decide between one level or another&#46; In these cases&#44; the lowest level was chosen&#46; The articles included in the sample were then analysed in an independent and blinded manner&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To estimate the degree of interobserver agreement&#44; we used the Cohen&#39;s Kappa coefficient&#44; which represents the absolute agreement of the ratings&#44; and Kendall&#39;s Tau-b coefficient&#46; The Kappa index treats all misclassifications equally&#44; while Kendall&#39;s Tau-b takes into account the magnitude of the difference&#46; The level of agreement was set as poor &#40;&#60;0&#46;20&#41;&#44; fair &#40;0&#46;21&#8722;0&#46;40&#41;&#44; moderate &#40;0&#46;41&#8722;0&#46;60&#41;&#44; good &#40;0&#46;61&#8722;0&#46;80&#41;&#44; and excellent &#40;&#62;0&#46;80&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contingency tables were used for bivariate analysis&#46; The Kappa and Kendall&#39;s Tau-b coefficients were calculated with a corresponding confidence interval of 95&#37;&#46; In all these inferential statistical tests&#44; differences were considered significant when <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;05 and highly significant when <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;01&#46;</p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All parameters were analysed using IBM-SPSS Statistics version 25 &#40;reference&#58; IBM Corp&#46; Released 2017&#46; IBM SPSS Statistics v 25&#46;0 for Windows&#59; Armonk&#46; NY&#46; USA&#41;&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Results</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A total of 240 articles were obtained&#44; of which the LE could be determined for 106&#44; thus excluding a total of 134 articles &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The decision to exclude one adverse effects article was made by consensus&#44; as it was only possible to establish its LE with the Oxford classification and not with the NHMRC&#46; Therefore&#44; a total of 105 articles were finally included&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Of the 105 articles included&#44; 96 were diagnostic articles&#44; 6 were articles on treatment and 3 on screening&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the OCEBM scale&#44; interobserver agreement on LE based on the abstracts was good &#40;K&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;679&#59; Tau-b&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;717&#41;&#46; The agreement values were lower with the NHMRC scale &#40;K&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;577 -moderate-&#59; Tau-b&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;673 -good-&#41;&#46; All differences were statistically significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;000&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Discussion</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Determining the LE of an article is fundamental to ensuring that our clinical decisions are based on the best available evidence&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> More than 100 LE classifications have been created&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> which use different hierarchies and terms&#44; thereby limiting their applicability&#46; However&#44; no previous study has explored interobserver agreement&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our analysis&#44; the degree of interobserver agreement &#40;K&#41; was higher with the OCEBM scale &#40;good&#41; than with the NHMRC &#40;moderate&#41;&#46; This is probably due to the fact that the former scale has no subdivisions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Both scales use a lot of technical language and statistical terms&#44; although both try to mitigate this difficulty by adding a glossary of terms and footnotes to make them easier to understand&#46; An initial analysis suggests that the Oxford classification is easier to interpret than the Australian classification&#44; as the degree of agreement was higher&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As for medical imaging&#44; Insights Into Imaging has recently published the first LE classification specifically designed for radiology journals&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> One of its main advantages is that it avoids sub-classifications as it classifies the LEs into high&#44; moderate and low&#46; It also uses less technical language&#46; Furthermore&#44; it also includes the category of review articles &#40;such as narrative reviews&#44; updates or imaging reviews&#41;&#44; classifying them with low LEs&#46; All the articles that we excluded from our analysis could be classified in this category&#46; The main drawback is that it does not differentiate between different study designs&#44; which is why it has not been included in this paper&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study has several limitations&#46; The first is that the interobserver agreement was determined using the LEs assigned by the observers after reading only the abstracts of the articles&#44; not the full texts&#46; Nevertheless&#44; the aim of this study was to find out whether the existing LE classifications are reproducible or not&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another limitation is that the study compared agreement on the LEs but not the Grades of Recommendation &#40;GR&#41;&#46; However&#44; the complicated part is determining the LE&#44; since once assigned&#44; it is directly related to the GR&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; there are many LE scales&#44; and they are highly heterogeneous&#46; Of the two scales analysed &#40;OCEBM and NHMRC&#41;&#44; the one with the best interobserver agreement is the OCEBM&#46; This is probably due to the fact that it avoids subdividing the evidence levels&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Author contributions</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Research coordinators&#58; CGV&#44; JMPM&#44; MTGA&#44; JMGS</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Development of study concept&#58; CGV&#44; JMGS</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0035"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">3</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Study design&#58; CGV&#44; JMPM&#44; MTGA&#44; JMGS</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0040"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">4</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data collection&#58; CGV&#44; JMPM</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0045"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">5</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data analysis and interpretation&#58; CGV&#44; MTGA&#44; JMGS</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0050"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">6</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data processing&#58; CGV&#44; JMPM</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0055"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">7</span><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Literature search&#58; CGV</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0060"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">8</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Writing of article&#58; CGV&#44; JMGS</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0065"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">9</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Critical review of the manuscript with intelectually relevant contributions&#58; JMPM&#44; MTGA</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0070"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">10</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Approval of the final version&#58; CGV&#44; JMPM&#44; MTGA&#44; JMGS</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:11 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2079431"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1773971"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2079430"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1773972"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Material and method"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Selection of journals"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Selection of articles"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Selection of evidence scales"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0035"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0040"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0045"
          "titulo" => "Author contributions"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        10 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2023-06-18"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2023-08-31"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1773971"
          "palabras" => array:5 [
            0 => "Evidence-based medicine"
            1 => "Evidence-based radiology"
            2 => "Radiology"
            3 => "Level of evidence"
            4 => "Grades of recommendation"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1773972"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "Medicina basada en la evidencia"
            1 => "Radiolog&#237;a basada en la evidencia"
            2 => "Concordancia interobservador"
            3 => "Radiolog&#237;a"
            4 => "Niveles de evidencia"
            5 => "Grados de recomendaci&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Levels of evidence &#40;LE&#41; are established through a hierarchical classification of studies according to their design&#46; At present&#44; there are many heterogeneous LE classifications&#44; and this hampers their applicability&#46; Our study aims to identify which LE classification has the best interobserver concordance for radiology articles&#46; For this purpose&#44; an interobserver agreement analysis were performed on 105 original articles applying two NE scales &#40;Oxford Center of Evidence Based Medicine &#40;OCEBM&#41; y National Health and Medical Research Council &#40;NHMRC&#41;&#41;&#46; The inter-rater agreement of the LE assigned after reading the abstracts was good when using the OCEBM scale &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">K</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;679&#41;&#44; and somewhat lower with the NHMRC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">K</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;577 -moderate-&#41;&#46; All differences were statistically significant &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;000&#41;&#46; So&#44; in conclusion&#44; of the two scales analysed &#40;OCEBM and NHMRC&#41;&#44; the OCEBM led to the strongest level of inter-rater agreement&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los niveles de evidencia &#40;NEs&#41; son una clasificaci&#243;n jer&#225;rquica de los estudios atendiendo a su dise&#241;o&#46; Actualmente existen muchas clasificaciones de NEs que son muy heterog&#233;neas dificultando su aplicabilidad&#46; Nuestro estudio tiene como objetivo conocer qu&#233; clasificaci&#243;n de NE tiene mayor concordancia interobservador en art&#237;culos radiol&#243;gicos&#46; Para ello&#44; se realiz&#243; un an&#225;lisis de concordancia a 105 art&#237;culos originales aplicando dos escalas de NE &#40;Oxford Center of Evidence Based Medicine &#40;OCEBM&#41; y National Health and Medical Research Council &#40;NHMRC&#41;&#41;&#46; La concordancia interobservador del NE de los abstracts fue buena con la escala OCEBM &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">K</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#44;679&#41;&#44; siendo algo inferior con la NHMRC &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">K</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#44;577 -moderada&#41;&#46; Todas las diferencias fueron estad&#237;sticamente significativas &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#8239;&#60;&#8239;&#46;000&#41;&#46; Por tanto&#44; de las dos escalas analizadas la que mejor concordancia interobservador presenta es la OCEBM&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:1 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1304
            "Ancho" => 2177
            "Tamanyo" => 191310
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Types of article included and excluded in the final analysis&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:12 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evidence-based radiology for diagnostic imaging&#58; what is and how to practice it"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Garc&#237;a Villar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.rx.2011.02.009"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Radiolog&#237;a&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "326"
                        "paginaFinal" => "334"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21696793"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Searching the journal for evidence-base radiology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "P&#46;C&#46; Sanelli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3174/ajnr.A2390"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "793"
                        "paginaFinal" => "794"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21310856"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "West S&#44; King V&#44; Carey TS&#44; Lohr KN&#44; Mckov N&#44; Sutton SF&#44; et al&#46; Systems to rate the strength of scientific evidence&#58; summary&#46; 2002 &#91;accessed 18 Jun 2023&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11930/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ncbi&#46;nlm&#46;nih&#46;gov&#47;books&#47;NBK11930&#47;</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "titulo" => "Canadian Task Force on the periodic health examination&#46; The periodic health examination"
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Can Med Assoc J&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "1979"
                        "volumen" => "121"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1193"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1254"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/115569"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine&#46; OCEBM levels evidence website &#91;accessed 1 Jun 2023&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/ocebm-levels-of-evidence">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;cebm&#46;ox&#46;ac&#46;uk&#47;resources&#47;levels-of-evidence&#47;ocebm-levels-of-evidence</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network &#40;SIGN&#41;&#46; SIGN 50&#44; A guideline developer&#8217;s handbook&#44; revisited edition 2008 &#91;accessed 3 Jun 2023&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign50.pdf">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;sign&#46;ac&#46;uk&#47;pdf&#47;sign50&#46;pdf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence website &#91;accessed 20 may 2023&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nice.org.uk/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;nice&#46;org&#46;uk&#47;</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "National Health and Medical Research Council&#46; NHMRC levels of evidence &#91;accessed 10 Feb 2023&#93;&#46; Available from&#58; <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/images/NHMRC%20Levels%20and%20Grades%20(2009).pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;nhmrc&#46;gov&#46;au&#47;sites&#47;default&#47;files&#47;images&#47;NHMRC&#37;20Levels&#37;20and&#37;20Grades&#37;20&#40;2009&#41;&#46;pdf</a>&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "How are the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations to be classified&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Marzo Castillejo"
                            1 => "P&#46; Alonso Coello"
                            2 => "R&#46; Rotaeche del Campo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1157/13083926"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Aten Prim&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "paginaFinal" => "8"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "C&#243;mo interpretar los &#8220;niveles de evidencia&#8221; en los diferentes escenarios cl&#237;nicos"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Manterola"
                            1 => "D&#46; Zavando"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4067/S0718-40262009000600017"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Chil Cir&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "582"
                        "paginaFinal" => "595"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Extending an evidence hierarchy to include topics other than treatment&#58; revising the Australian &#8220;levels of evidence&#8221;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Merlin"
                            1 => "A&#46; Weston"
                            2 => "R&#46; Tooher"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/1471-2288-9-34"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Med Res Methodol&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "34"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19519887"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Evidence levels in radiology&#58; the insights into imaging approach"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Mart&#237;-Bonmat&#237;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s13244-021-00995-7"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Insights Imaging&#46;"
                        "fecha" => "2021"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "45"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33826000"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735107/0000006500000006/v2_202401250617/S2173510723001325/v2_202401250617/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "77042"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Brief reports"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735107/0000006500000006/v2_202401250617/S2173510723001325/v2_202401250617/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173510723001325?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 21735107
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 October 3 0 3
2024 August 2 0 2
2024 July 4 0 4
2024 June 4 0 4
2024 May 4 0 4
2024 April 6 0 6
2024 March 3 0 3
2024 February 6 0 6
2024 January 6 0 6
2023 December 5 5 10

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos