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Review article
Available online 17 May 2024
What is the relationship between penile cancer and the microbiome? A scoping review
¿Cuál es la relación entre el cáncer de pene y el microbioma? Una revisión exploratoria
H.A. García-Perdomoa,b,
Corresponding author
, V. Granados-Duquea,c, P.E. Spiessd,e,f
a UROGIV Research Group, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
b Division of Urology/Urooncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
c Hospital Universitario del Valle, Cali, Colombia
d Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, Estados Unidos
e Department of Genitourinary Oncology and Cancer Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
f Urology and Oncology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Table 1. Characteristics of included studies.
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Abstract
Introduction

The microbiota is defined as the microorganisms in a particular environment. Conversely, the term microbiome is less firmly defined and is used to reference the habitat.

Objective

To identify the association between the microbiome and the penile cancer

Evidence Acquisition

We performed this scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. We found five articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We focused on oncogenesis and factors that alter the penile microbiome. We were not limited to language or setting. We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and LILACS from inception to the present day.

Evidence Synthesis

We found nine studies describing multiple factors that could disturb the microbiome, such as sexual behavior, anatomic alterations including circumcision, and inflammatory factors: lichen sclerosus, poor genital hygiene, compromised immune system, smoking, and HPV infection.

Conclusion

Overall, knowledge of the composition of the penile microbiota and its role in penile cancer oncogenesis is minimal.

Patient Summary

Future studies should focus on the relationship between the microbiome and penile cancer to broaden this field of knowledge.

Keywords:
Penile cancer
Microbiome
Microbiota
Urinary tract
Resumen
Introducción

La microbiota se define como la comunidad de microorganismos presentes en un entorno concreto. Aunque el microbioma no ha sido claramente definido, el término se utiliza para referirse al hábitat.

Objetivo

Identificar la relación entre el microbioma y el cáncer de pene.

Adquisición de la evidencia

Esta revisión exploratoria se realizó siguiendo las recomendaciones del Instituto Joanna Briggs. Se encontraron cinco artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Nos hemos centrado en investigar la oncogénesis y los factores que alteran el microbioma del pene. No se establecieron limitaciones en cuanto al idioma o la localización. Se realizaron búsquedas en MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Registro Cochrane Central de Ensayos Controlados (CENTRAL) y LILACS desde el inicio hasta el momento actual.

Síntesis de la evidencia

Se encontraron nueve estudios en los que se describen múltiples factores que pueden alterar el microbioma, como el comportamiento sexual, las alteraciones anatómicas (incluida la circuncisión) y los factores inflamatorios: liquen escleroso, higiene genital deficiente, sistema inmune comprometido, tabaquismo e infección por VPH.

Conclusión

En general, hay muy poco conocimiento sobre la composición de la microbiota del pene y su papel en la oncogénesis del cáncer de pene.

Resumen de pacientes

Deben realizarse estudios futuros sobre la relación entre el microbioma y el cáncer de pene para ampliar este campo de conocimiento.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer de pene
Microbioma
Microbiota
Tracto urinario

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