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Review article
Available online 21 December 2023
Clinical evaluation and treatment in men with low testosterone levels and prostate cancer
Evaluacion clinica y tratamiento en hombres con testosterona baja y cancer de prostata
B.M. Ljubetic, F. Parada, J.M. Flores
Corresponding author
floresmj@mskcc.org

Corresponding author.
Male Sexual and Reproductive Medicine Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
Received 26 September 2023. Accepted 28 September 2023
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Table 1. List of clinical parameters to assess before commencing testosterone therapy.
Table 2. Recommendations of the AUA and EAU guidelines for the management of low testosterone in men with prostate cancer.
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Abstract
Introduction

A high prevalence of low testosterone levels has been reported in men with prostate cancer. The use of testosterone therapy in men with a history of prostate cancer is still controversial, and there is uncertainty regarding the management of these patients.

Methods

We analyzed the European and American guidelines on this topic and presented the clinical experience in the management of patients with low testosterone levels and a history of prostate cancer in one of the world's leading cancer centers.

Results

According to the published evidence to date, testosterone therapy in men with prostate cancer does not increase the risk of prostate cancer recurrence in the short and medium term, but there is a lack of data on the long term. Symptomatic men with low testosterone levels who are candidates for this therapy need a thorough clinical evaluation before commencing testosterone therapy. Evaluation of prostate cancer history including type of treatment administered, pathologic stage of prostate cancer and prostate specific antigen should be requested before and during testosterone treatment to assess its trend.

Conclusion

Prostate-specific antigen should remain undetectable after radical prostatectomy or stable after radiotherapy. Otherwise, it would be a sign of uncontrolled prostate cancer, and the patient may require cessation of testosterone therapy and referral to oncology for further evaluation.

Keywords:
Testosterone deficiency
Low testosterone
Testosterone therapy
Prostate cancer
Resumen
Introducción

En hombres con cáncer de próstata, se ha reportado una alta prevalencia de niveles bajos de testosterona. El tratamiento con testosterona en hombres con antecedentes de cáncer de próstata sigue siendo controversial y existe incertidumbre como manejar estos pacientes.

Métodos

Se realizo un análisis de las guías Europeas y Americanas en torno al tema y se presentó la experiencia clínica en el manejo de pacientes con testosterona baja y con historia de cáncer de próstata de un centro oncológico líder a nivel mundial.

Resultados

Actualmente, la evidencia publicada no ha demostrado que la terapia con testosterona en hombres con cáncer de próstata aumenta el riesgo de la recurrencia del cáncer de próstata a corto y mediano plazo, pero que existe una falta de evidencia en el largo plazo. Los hombres sintomáticos y con testosterona baja y son candidatos para recibir esta terapia requieren una completa evaluación clínica previo al inicio del tratamiento. La evaluación de la historia del cáncer de próstata incluye el tipo de tratamiento realizado, el estado patológico del cáncer de próstata y el antígeno prostático específico debe solicitarse antes del inicio de la terapia con testosterona, y seriadamente desde el inicio del tratamiento para evaluar su tendencia.

Conclusión

El antígeno prostático específico se debe mantener indetectable después de una prostatectomía radical o estable después de la radioterapia. En caso contrario, significa que el cáncer de próstata no está bajo control y el paciente podría requerir detener el tratamiento con testosterona y una evaluación adicional por oncología.

Palabras clave:
Deficiencia de testosterona
Testosterona Baja
Terapia de testosterona
Cáncer de próstata

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