Three dimensional (3D) urological laparoscopy

García-Segui, A.; Galán-Llopis, J.A.

doi:10.1016/j.acuroe.2013.05.004

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García-Segui, J.A. Galán-Llopis" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "García-Segui" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "agarciasegui@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "¿" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Galán-Llopis" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Urología, Hospital del Vinalopó, Elche, Alicante Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Laparoscopia urológica con visión en 3 dimensiones (3-D)" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "Laparoscopic surgery requires training to acquisition of eye-hand coordination skills due to the lack of depth perception<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,2</a>; for this reason, the industry has been looking for the best vision quality. Three-dimensional (3D) equipments improve depth perception. They have existed since 1980, but their clinical application have been reduced for the problem in the projection of the stereoscopic image onto screen.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010">2,3</a> In the beginning, 3D laparoscopy did not provide benefits due to technological limitations (poor vision quality), to side effects (nausea, headaches, ocular fatigue, tiredness) and to the uncomfortable use of shutter glasses which, like a “helmet”, provide a separate image for each eye.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> Since 2009 cinematographic industry had driven the development of 3D-cameras, when James Cameron's Avatar was released onto cinema screens. It was a film made specifically for 3D viewing, and its technology was heralded as ground breaking and the future of cinema. Months later, Jourdan carried out the first 3D laparoscopic surgery.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> In the same way, robotic surgery has been many years in market; however its use was promoted when Da Vinci robotic system introduced stereoscopic vision of the operating field.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a>The advances in 3D technology resolved the initial problems: polarized light lenses, which are light, comfortable, with improved quality of vision, and do not cause nausea or dizziness. Among their advantages are the following: higher depth perception, improved resolution and definition of anatomical structures, easier manipulation, less intra-surgery complications because reduction in the errors associated with 2D-vision, improved surgical performance (shortening operation time and enhancement of safety, precision and meticulousness), reduction in the learning curve and also it is beneficial in developing skills for the novice surgeons.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–3</a> The benefits of 3D system have been questioned in experienced laparoscopist. However, there are studies suggesting that surgical procedures are easier for experienced surgeons, because laparoscopic skills and abilities already learned are enhanced using 3-D vision.Definitely, 3D vision devices are a very useful tool for complex surgeries,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> especially in urological laparoscopy which is developed under special conditions. Firstly, there are almost no “easy” laparoscopic procedures in urology, such as cholecystectomy, appendectomy or oophorectomy, which offer the opportunity to gradually acquire experience in laparoscopic practice in progressively more complex procedures. Secondly, novice laparoscopists have to acquire advanced skills in complex surgeries, but they cannot rely on a high volume of cases in a short period of time to complete their learning curve. Thirdly, because there is a great “educational gap” between short training courses on urological laparoscopy and clinical practice without preceptorships.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">1</a> Probably, these 3 points have led to particular development of robotic in urology reducing the learning curve and the complexity of the urological surgeries. However, its high costs have limited its widespread adoption.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> Taking into account that 3D vision is one of the most important advantages of DaVinci robot,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> we should wonder whether this advantage in learning curves is due or not to 3D vision. Besides former advantages, 3D vision devices allow the use of traditional laparoscopic instrumentation, are less expensive than robotic 3D surgical system and similar to conventional laparoscopy. For all these reasons the use of 3D vision devices could extend among urological centers which do not have robot." "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: García-Segui A, Galán-Llopis JA. Laparoscopia urológica con visión en 3 dimensiones (3-D). Actas Urol Esp. 2013;37:592–593." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Three-dimensional (3D) vision: does it improve laparoscopic skills? An assessment of a 3D head-mounted visualization system" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.B. Bhayani" 1 => "G.L. Andriole" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Urol" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "211" "paginaFinal" => "214" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16985832" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "3D advances in laparoscopic vision" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Izquierdo" 1 => "L. Peri" 2 => "E. Garcia-Cruz" 3 => "M. Musquera" 4 => "A. Ciudin" 5 => "M. Pérez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Urol Rev" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "7" "paginaInicial" => "137" "paginaFinal" => "139" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "From 2D to 3D: the future of surgery?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G. McLachlan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "378" "paginaInicial" => "1368" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22010263" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735786/0000003700000009/v1_201311050011/S2173578613001753/v1_201311050011/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "6306" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Letters to the editor" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735786/0000003700000009/v1_201311050011/S2173578613001753/v1_201311050011/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173578613001753?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

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Actas Urológicas Españolas is an international journal dedicated to urological diseases and renal transplant. It has been the official publication of the Spanish Urology Association since 1974 and of the American Urology Confederation since 2008. Its articles cover all aspects related to urology. Actas Urológicas Españolas, governed by the peer review system (double blinded), is published online in Spanish and English. Consequently, manuscripts may be sent in Spanish or English and bidirectional free cost translation will be provided. It has high visibility and accessibility and is found in the most important data bases, Medline/Pubmed, Emabase, JCR, Ïndice Médico Español, Índice bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS), Cuiden, Dialnet, Hinari, Scopus, Google Scholar.

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Vol. 37. Issue 9.

Pages 592-593 (October 2013)

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