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Inicio Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) Analysis of the factors involved in the failure of urethroplasty in men
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Vol. 38. Issue 2.
Pages 96-102 (March 2014)
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Vol. 38. Issue 2.
Pages 96-102 (March 2014)
Original article
Analysis of the factors involved in the failure of urethroplasty in men
Análisis de los factores implicados en el fracaso de la uretroplastia en el varón
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524
H. Gimbernat, I. Arance, C. Redondo, E. Meilán, F. Ramón de Fata, J.C. Angulo
Corresponding author
jangulo.hugf@salud.madrid.org

Corresponding author.
Servicio de Urología, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (3)
Table 1. Operative data related to the different groups of urethroplasty techniques.
Table 2. Distribution of the length of the strictures according to urethroplasty techniques.
Table 3. Cox regression model for predicting recurrence showing the effect of the type of urethroplasty corrected by the length of the stenosis.
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Abstract
Introduction

Outcome of urethroplasty techniques in our environment and risk factors for recurrence of stenosis in these patients are studied in this paper.

Materials and methods

Retrospective study on men with urethral strictures treated with urethroplasty in the period 2000–2012. Maximum flow (Qmax), post-void residual (PVR) urine and patient perception of voiding were obtained pre- and postoperatively. Complications were recorded according to the Clavien-Dindo scale. Recurrent stricture was defined according to clinical criteria and endoscopic or imaging confirmation (failure of urethroplasty). Univariate analysis (log-rank) and multivariate (Cox regression) analysis were performed to define the variables implied in the recurrence.

Results

82 patients with mean age 55.6±17.4 (19–84 years) underwent surgery for urethroplasty. 28% of patients showed multiple stricture, 73.2% bulbar stricture, 41.54% penile stricture and 14.6% membranous stricture. End-to-end anastomosis was performed in 26 cases (31.7%), flap urethroplasty in 21 (25.6%), urethroplasty with free graft in 31 (37.8%) and two-time urethroplasty in 4 (4.9%). Graft urethroplasty showed a longer operative time (p=0.02) and shorter hospital stay (P=0.0035). The results were: mean ΔQmax (mean on baseline) 9.1±7.5 and mean ΔPVR −65.8±136 (both P<0.0001). Minor early complications occurred in 8 (9.8%) and major in 3 (3.6%). Recurrence occurred at a mean time of 39.8±39.2 months in 18 patients (21.9%). The percentage of recurrence-free patients was: 91.4% (1-year), 82.1% (5-year) and 78.1% (10-year). Univariate analysis assessed technique used (log-rank, P=0.13), age (P=0.2), length stricture (P=0.003), previous Sachse (P=0.18), associated lichen (P=0.18), multiplicity (P=0.36), year of surgery (P=0.2), Qmax (P=0.3) and RPM (P=0.07) preoperative. End to end anastomosis (HR 4.98, P=0.04) and length >3cm (HR 4.6, P=0.01) were identified by regression analysis as independent variables associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusion

Length stricture is both prognostic factor and criterion on choosing the type of urethroplasty, and it makes more complicated to compare the success rates of each surgical procedure. Whatever the stricture size is, the results of anastomotic urethroplasty are worse than those of urethroplasty with buccal mucosal-free grafts.

Keywords:
Urethral stricture
Urethroplasty
Recurrence
Multivariate statistical analysis
Resumen
Introducción

Se estudia el resultado de las técnicas de uretroplastia en nuestro entorno y los factores de riesgo de recidiva de la estenosis en estos pacientes.

Material y métodos

Estudio retrospectivo sobre varones con estenosis de uretra tratada mediante uretroplastia en el periodo 2000–2012. Se obtuvieron flujo máximo (Qmáx), residuo postmiccional (RPM) y la percepción del paciente de la situación miccional, pre y postoperatoriamente. Se registraron complicaciones según la escala Clavien-Dindo. La recidiva de la estenosis (fracaso de uretroplastia) se definió mediante criterios clínicos y confirmación endoscópica o de imagen. Se llevó a cabo análisis univariante (log-rank) y multivariante (regresión de Cox) para definir las variables implicadas en la recidiva.

Resultados

Fueron intervenidos 82 pacientes con edad media 55,6±17,4 (19–84) años. La estenosis fue múltiple en 28%. Afectó uretra bulbar en 73,2%, peneana en 41,54% y membranosa en 14,6% de los pacientes. Se practicó anastomosis termino-terminal en 26 casos (31,7%), uretroplastia con colgajo en 21 (25,6%), con injerto libre en 31 (37,8%) y en 2 tiempos en 4 (4,9%). La uretroplastia con injerto conllevó mayor tiempo de quirófano (p=0,02) y menor estancia hospitalaria (p=0,0035). En cuanto a resultados, ΔQmax medio sobre basal fue 9,1±7,5 e ΔRPM medio −65,8±136 (ambos p<0,0001). Se presentaron complicaciones precoces menores en 8 (9,8%) y mayores en 3 (3,6%). Sucedió recidiva en 18 pacientes (21,9%), a un tiempo medio de 39,8±39,2 meses. El porcentaje de pacientes libre de recidiva fue 91,4% al año, 82,1% a 5 años y 78,1% a 10 años. El análisis univariante analizó técnica empleada (log-rank; p=0,13), edad (p=0,2), longitud de la estenosis (p=0,003), Sachse previo (p=0,18), liquen asociado (p=0,18), multiplicidad (p=0,36), año de cirugía (p=0,2), Qmáx (p=0,3) y RPM (p=0,07) preoperatorio. El análisis de regresión identificó anastomosis termino-terminal (HR 4,98; p=0,04) y longitud >3cm (HR 4,6; p=0,01) como variables independientes asociadas a peor pronóstico.

Conclusión

La longitud de la estenosis es tanto un factor pronóstico como un criterio empleado para decidir el tipo de uretroplastia, lo que supone un elemento de confusión a la hora de comparar el éxito de cada técnica. Independientemente del tamaño de la estenosis, la uretroplastia anastomótica tiene peores resultados que la uretroplastia con injerto libre de mucosa oral.

Palabras clave:
Estenosis de uretra
Uretroplastia
Recurrencia
Análisis estadístico multivariante

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