Revascularización miocárdica arterial completa con ambas arterias mamarias sin circulación extracorpóreaOff-Pump Total Arterial Revascularization with Both Internal Thoracic Arteries without Extracorporeal Circulation

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Introducción

Tector ha descrito la técnica de revascularización arterial completa usando múltiples anastomosis con ambas arterias mamarias internas. Para reducir la morbimortalidad quirúrgica nos hemos propuesto realizar esta técnica sin circulación extracorpórea.

Pacientes y métodos

Desde abril de 1998 hemos realizado revascularización «tipo Tector» sin circulación extracorpórea en 92 pacientes, 74 varones (80%) y 18 mujeres (20%), con una edad media de 64,9 ± 8,1 años (rango, 42-78). La angiografía preoperativa puso de manifiesto que diecinueve (20,5%) pacientes tenían lesión significativa de tronco común y 58 (63%) triple vaso. Cuarenta pacientes (43,5%) presentaban angina inestable, 24 (26%) enfermedad vascular periférica significativa y 26 (28%) diabetes. Ambas mamarias fueron disecadas sin pedículo, y anastomosadas como injerto en «Y» o «T». La permeabilidad de las anastomosis se evaluó con Doppler intraoperatorio en 24 (26%) pacientes mediante estudio angiográfico.

Resultados

Se han realizado 274 anastomosis distales, 122 (45%) en la cara lateral y/o inferior del corazón y 69 (25%) de tipo secuencial, con una media de 2,98 bypass por paciente. En el 59,8% de los pacientes se realizó bypass triple, en el 22% bypass doble, en el 17% bypass cuádruple, y en un paciente bypass quíntuple. El 64,9% de los pacientes fue extubado en las primeras 6 h. Sólo un paciente (1,1%) precisó balón intraaórtico, y 3 (3,2%) inotrópicos durante el período postoperatorio. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 3 (3,2%) pacientes. Un paciente (1,1%) fue reoperado por sangrado, y el 78,3% no se transfundieron. Tres pacientes (3,2%) sufrieron mediastinitis. No se presentaron eventos neurológicos. Tras 7,77 ± 2,8 meses de seguimiento, todos los pacientes se encuentran asintomáticos y la tasa de permeabilidad global es del 94%.

Conclusiones

Esta técnica posibilita una revascularización arterial completa y una reducción en la morbimortalidad quirúrgica.

Introduction

Tector has described the off-pump total arterial revascularization technique, using multiple anastomosis with both internal thoracic arteries. To reduce surgical morbid-mortality, we have proposed the use of this technique without extracorporeal circulation.

Patients and methods

From April, 1998 the off-pump Tector technique was performed in 92 patients, 74 male (80%) and 18 female (20%), with a mean age of 64.9 ± 8.1 years (42-78). Preoperative angiography demonstrated triple-vessel disease in 58 (63%) patients, and left main disease was present in 19 (20.5%) patients. Forty patients (43.5%) showed unstable angina, 24 patients (26%) significant peripheral vascular disease, and 26 (28%) diabetes mellitus. Both internal thoracic arteries were harvested using the skeletonization technique and were used like a «Y or T» graft. The flow in the graft was measured using a flowmeter, and in 24 (26%) patients by angiographic study.

Results

A total of 274 distal anastomoses were performed, 122 (44.6%) in the lateral or inferior wall, and 69 (25.2%) were sequential, with an average of 2.98 bypass/ patient. In 59.8% of the patients a triple bypass was performed, 22% double bypass, 17% cuadruple bypass and 1 patient a quintuple bypass. During the initial six hours 64.9% of patients were extubated. Only one patient (1.1%) needed intraaortic ballon pumping and 3 (3.2%) inotropics during the postoperative course. Hospital mortality was 3 (3.2%) patients. Reoperation for bleeding was needed in just one patient (1.1%), and 78.3% of patients were not transfused. Mediastinitis occurred in 3 patients (3.2%). Postoperative stroke was not observed. At 7.7 ± 2.8 months of mean follow-up all patients were free of symptoms and the global patency rate of 94%.

Conclusions

Off-pump Tector technique appears to be safe, offering a complete arterial revascularization and showing a reduction of surgical morbidity.

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