Effect of In substitution on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.02.030

Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials

Volume 432, 15 June 2017, Pages 477-483

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.02.030 Get rights and content

Highlights

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Peak shift is due to smaller ionic radius of Cu than In element.
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Particle size is increased and also lattice constant increased and then decreased with respect to sintering temperature.
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The average particle size is estimated in the range of 30–50 nm.

Abstract

Cu ferrite and In substituted Cu ferrite has been successfully synthesized (In_xCu_1−xFe₂O₄; x = 0.0, 0.2) at pH 11 and sintered at 300 °C, 600 °C, 900 °C. From the XRD analysis, the ferrite phase is confirmed and particle size varied from 28 to 37 nm owing to sintering temperature. TEM microstructure confirms that samples having polycrystalline nature because of superimposition of bright spots. FT-IR spectra exhibit general behaviour of ferrite. The significant change of dielectric constant has been noticed from dielectric measurement while substitution of In element. The room temperature magnetic measurements demonstrate a solid impact of sintering temperature and In substitution on saturation magnetization and coercivity.

Introduction

Nano ferrite materials because of their peculiar properties are massively used in applications such as electrical appliances, automotive, tele-communication circuit components, microwave devices, recording heads etc [1]. Among the different spinel ferrites,

Cu ferrite has quite interesting versatile material and highly outstanding due to its high saturation magnetization. Also, it displays phase and semiconducting properties changes that leads to electrical switching and structural variation when treated under various sintering temperature. It is extensively used for variety of applications in LPG gas sensing, photo catalytic applications, recording devices and ferrofluids [2], [3], [4], [5]. Generally, Cu ferrite is form in cubic and tetragonal structure [6]. The tetragonal structure has smaller magnetic moment than that of cubic structure, because there are more Cu ions located at tetrahedral sites in cubic structure [7], [8]. Moreover, Indium (In) is utilized as low-melting fusible alloys and also used as a covering plate for bearings and metallic surfaces. It may be used to corrosion-resistant surface: when evaporated and allowed to deposit on glass, it produces a mirror. In substituted Cu ferrite properties depend on numerous factors such as method of preparation, stoichiometric ratio, sintering temperature, and milling. Conventional methods are used to synthesizing nano ferrite materials such as double sintering ceramic technique [9], citrate precursor [10], sol-gel combustion [11], thermal method [12], chemical co-precipitation method [13] etc. Among these techniques, chemical co-precipitation method is in expansive and suitable for laboratory environment. In this present work, we report and discuss the impact of sintering temperature and In substitution on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties on Cu ferrite. The deliberated properties of the samples are discussed below.

Section snippets

Materials and method

The Cu ferrite and In substituted Cu ferrite In_xCu_(1−x)Fe₂O₄(x = 0, 0.2) is primed by mixing of Indium chloride [InCl₃·6H₂O], cupric chloride [CuCl₂·2H₂O] and anhydrous ferric chloride [FeCl₃.9H₂O] dissolved in de-ionizedwater. Sodium hydroxide solution was used as pH varying agent. Throughout synthesis, pH 11was maintained. The brown precipitate is scrupulously cleaned with de-ionized water to remove chlorine and other impurities. Furthermore, the samples are dried for 24 h in a hot air oven and

Structural analysis

Fig. 1 depicts the XRD patterns of Cu ferrite and In substituted Cu ferrite sintered at different temperatures. The existence peaks corresponds to the characteristic of interplanar spacing between (111), (220), (311), (440), (511), (422) and (400) planes with cubic phase. These peaks are well indexed with JCPDS card (#77-0010). After substitution of In on Cu ferrite, it is observed that peak positions are slightly shifted towards higher angle diffraction [14]. This peak shift is due to smaller

Conclusion

Cu ferrite and In substituted Cu ferrite nanoparticles (In_xCu_1−xFe₂O_4,X = 0.0, 0.2) was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation method. The average particle size is in the range from 28 to 37 nm. TEM microstructure confirms that samples have polycrystalline nature. FT-IR spectra shows normal behaviour of ferrite materials. The dielectric constant is reduced with respect to sintering temperature and substitution of In element. The VSM analysis report that the saturation magnetization increased

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Effect of In substitution on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of CuFe2O4 nanoparticles

Highlights

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Materials and method

Structural analysis

Conclusion

Ceram. Int.

Mater. Res. Bull.

Appl. Surf. Sci.

J. Alloy. Compd.

Mater. Chem. Phys.

Adv. Powder Technol.

Mater. Lett.

J. Phys. Chem. Solids

Catal. Commun.

Mater. Res. Bull.

J. Magn. Magn. Mater.

Solid State Commun.

Mater. Res. Bull.

J. Alloys Compd.

J. Magn. Magn. Mater.

Mater. Chem. Phys.

Effect of In substitution on structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of CuFe₂O₄ nanoparticles