Modulation of secondary metabolite profiles by biologically synthesized MgO/perlite nanocomposites in Melissa officinalis plant organ cultures
Graphical abstract
Introduction
Nanotechnology has introduced a huge opportunity of unique application in the area of different industries, because nanoparticles (NPs) have special physicochemical properties, including high surface area and high reactivity (Sanvicens and Marco, 2008). Despite the plenty of benefits, some challenges are remaining on consuming of nano-products, because of their toxicity and hazardous effects on the environment and human health (Sajid et al., 2015). Investigations have suggested both positive and negative effects for NPs on plant growth and development. For example, it has been demonstrated that multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have the potential to increase the growth of tobacco cell culture (Khodakovskaya et al., 2012). In contrast, Ag NPs intensely affected the growth and viability of tobacco cells (Mahjouri et al., 2018). It has been suggested that NPs constrain the plant growth by reducing the photosynthetic rates and inducing oxidative stress (Jiang et al., 2017; Wang et al., 2016). On the other hand, they have the potential to change plant secondary metabolism (Marslin et al., 2017). Secondary metabolites are known as low molecular weight compounds that play a substantial protective role in the life cycle of plants (Joo et al., 2010). In vitro plant cell and organ cultures have been considered as advantageous tools for the production of secondary metabolites (Mahjouri et al., 2016; Bentebibel et al., 2005). Adjustment of the culture conditions, as well as the application of precursors and elicitors can enhance the production of secondary metabolites in cell and organ cultures (Giri and Zaheer, 2016). Some studies have reported that NPs supplied to the plant in vitro culture medium may possibly act as an elicitor. For instance, it has been demonstrated that the secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid augmented by the optimized concentrations of MWCNTs in callus culture of Satureja khuzestanica (Ghorbanpour and Hadian, 2015). Artemisin content was increased 3.9-fold in Artemisia annua L. hairy root cultures after exposure to Ag NPs (Zhang et al., 2013). Furthermore, ZnO and CuO NPs stimulated the production of secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Javed et al., 2018).
Green synthesis of NPs using various plant extracts offers a rapid, eco-friendly and cost-effective approach in comparison with the classic methods (Jafarirad et al., 2016, 2018). Melissa officinalis L. is a medical plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is known because of its antioxidant properties (Mimica-Dukic et al., 2004). Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts of M. officinalis were reported as a consequence of high amount of phenolic acids, which reveal significant antimicrobial activity (Mimica-Dukic et al., 2004). These bioactive compounds as well as biomolecules that are usually found in plant extracts (e.g. enzymes, proteins, amino acids, vitamins, polysaccharides, and organic acids such as citrates) may possibly act as capping agents for green synthesis of nanomaterials (Iravani, 2011). Magnesium (Mg) is a vital mineral factor for plants, which can possess both direct and indirect consequences on disease. Although, the more general physiological effects of Mg is not completely known for active growth, as well as for resistance to disease, but, it is well-known that in general, Mg is an important contributor to plant health. Controlling of Mg deals to decrease disease, in balance with other minerals, is an underused vehicle in managing disease (Huber and Jones, 2013). For this reason, Mg derivatives are chosen as elicitor for this work. Accordingly, we investigated the M. officinalis leaf extract potential for the synthesis of MgO/Perlite nanocomposites (NCs). Besides, the effects of different concentrations of nanoperlite and MgO/perlite NCs were applied to study the morphological properties such as shoot, root and leave proliferation, production of photosynthetic pigments. In addition, the chemical composition of the volatile compounds and production of rosmarinic acid (RA) in the shoots were examined by using organ culture of M. officinalis.
Section snippets
Instruments and reagents
All materials were obtained from the Merck and Aldrich companies. Perlite with the chemical composition (in w/w %) of O, 45.95; C, 26.81; Si, 11.16; Al, 4.11; Na, 1.37; K, 1.08; Ca, 0.08 provided from Mianeh area, Iran. The leaves and seeds of M. officinais were collected from Botanical Garden, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Tabriz, Iran). Photosynthetic test pigments and UV–vis spectrophotometry are recorded on a double-beam spectrophotometer (Hitachi, U-2900). FTIR spectra measured by
Characterization of perlite and MgO/perlite NCs
In the present study, preparation of perlite-supported magnesium oxide NPs through green method was evaluated. After the immobilization of MgO NPs on the perlite, the white color of perlite was changed into brown due to the color of the extract (Fig. 1).
Conclusions
At the present study, we established a green, rapid and simple method for the synthesis of MgO/perlite NCs using aqueous leaf extract of M. officinalis. On the other hand, the effect of nanoperlite and MgO/perlite NCs on the growth characteristics and secondary metabolite profiles of M. officinalis organ cultures were evaluated. The significant difference between treatments in root number, root and shoot length was not appreciable. Supplementing of 150 mg/L of perlite in the culture medium
Acknowledgements
The financial support by the Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz is gratefully acknowledged. We are thankful from Dr. Vartan Simmonds for his grammatical assistances.
References (56)
- et al.
Synthesis and catalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles for photochemical oxidation of concentrated chlorophenols under direct solar radiation
Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.
(2012) - et al.
Phytotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) and the role of ascorbic acid as an antioxidant
J. Hazard. Mater.
(2012) - et al.
Crystalline magnesium oxide films on soda lime glass by sol–gel processing
Mater. Lett.
(2002) - et al.
Preparation and characterization of porous MgO and NiO/MgO nanocomposites
Appl. Catal. A Gen.
(2004) - et al.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes stimulate callus induction, secondary metabolites biosynthesis and antioxidant capacity in medicinal plant Satureja khuzestanica grown in vitro
Carbon
(2015) - et al.
Magnesium deficiency in plants: an urgent problem
Crop J.
(2016) - et al.
Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles using fruit extract of Rosa canina and their toxic potential against bacteria: a mechanistic approach
Mater. Sci. Eng. C
(2016) - et al.
Starch-directed green synthesis, characterization and morphology of silver nanoparticles
Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces
(2013) - et al.
Synthesis and characterization of MgO nanocrystals using strong and weak bases
Powder Technol.
(2012) - et al.
Immobilization of copper nanoparticles on perlite: green synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity on aqueous reduction of 4-nitropheno
J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem.
(2015)
Rapid biosynthesis of irregular shaped gold nanoparticles from macerated aqueous extracellular dried clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum) solution
Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces
Green synthesis of perlite supported silver nanoparticles using Hamamelis virginiana leaf extract and investigation of its catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol and Congo red
J. Alloys Compd.
Biomimetic synthesis and characterisation of protein capped silver nanoparticles
Bioresour. Technol.
Multifunctional nanoparticles–properties and prospects for their use in human medicine
Trends Biotechnol.
The spectral determination of chlorophylls a and b, as well as total carotenoids, using various solvents with spectrophotometers of different resolution
J. Plant Physiol.
The effect of (AgNO3) NPs on increasing of secondary metabolites of Calendula officinalis L. in vitro
Int. J. Pharm. Ther.
Effects of immobilization by entrapment in alginate and scale‐up on paclitaxel and baccatin III production in cell suspension cultures of Taxus baccata
Biotechnol. Bioeng.
Growing Media
ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H2O2 synthesis
Plant J.
HPLC analysis of phenolic acids in Melissa officinalis
J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol.
Chemical elicitors versus secondary metabolite production in vitro using plant cell, tissue and organ cultures: recent trends and a sky eye view appraisal
Plant Cell Tissue Org. Cult. (PCTOC)
Electrical and optical properties of MgO thin film prepared by sol-gel technique
J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol.
The role of magnesium in plant disease
Plant Soil
Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants
Green Chem.
Innovative biocapped CuO nano-photocatalysts: a rapid and green method for photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol
Mater. Res. Innov.
Elicitation of secondary metabolites in callus cultures of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni grown under ZnO and CuO nanoparticles stress
Sugar Tech
Silver nanoparticles induced reactive oxygen species via photosynthetic energy transport imbalance in an aquatic plant
Nanotoxicology
Cited by (27)
Potentiality of new dark clay-rich materials for porous ceramic applications in Ouled Sidi Ali Ben Youssef Area (Coastal Meseta, Morocco)
2022, Boletin de la Sociedad Espanola de Ceramica y VidrioNanotized kinetin enhances essential oil yield and active constituents of mint via improvement in physiological attributes
2022, ChemosphereCitation Excerpt :Besides, Boughton et al. (2005) suggested a possible relationship between the hormone-signalling component and monoterpene accumulation in glandular trichomes. Moreover, a positive correlation between the number of glandular trichomes and essential oil production in Melissa officinalis L. has also been reported by Rezaei et al. (2019) due to nanocomposite-application of MgO/perlite, corresponding to the findings of this study where nano form of kinetin exhibited superior results as compared with its bulk counterpart. A significant improvement in the content and yield of menthol of mint EO was observed due to exogenously sourced bulk- and nano-kinetin.
Green fabrication of ZnO/magnetite-based nanocomposite - using Salvia officinalis extract with antibacterial properties enhanced infected full-thickness wound
2021, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering AspectsCitation Excerpt :According to this figure, there were small amounts of quartz (SiO2) and pyrite (FeS2) in the Magnetite (please see the subtitle of "Structural characterization"). Moreover, we could see the signal of C element in this figure, which could be attributed to phytochemical metabolites in the extract connected to the ZnO/Mgt-NCs [21–23]. The crystal structure of ZnO/Mgt-NCs was assessed with XRD; Fig. 1B depicts the results.