Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Section snippets
Standard Cytogenetic Analysis
This technique reveals all microscopically detectable chromosome aberrations occurring simultaneously in leukemic cells, regardless of whether these aberrations are numerical or structural, or, in the case of the latter, balanced or unbalanced. To obtain analyzable metaphase cells, pretreatment samples are subjected to unstimulated short-term (24- or 48-hour) cultures in vitro, at the end of which the cells are treated with a compound that arrests dividing cells in metaphase (eg, colcemide),
Expression Microarray Analysis
Array-based gene expression profiling (GEP) combines synthesis of cDNA from the entire mRNA transcriptome with DNA array technology to evaluate the entire “transcriptome” of samples. Rather than evaluating changes in copy number or sequence of the nuclear DNA, GEP is used to determine the level at which genes are expressed in samples compared with controls. Sample cDNA is generated from mRNA, labeled with fluorochromes, and subsequently hybridized to chips spotted with probes corresponding to
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Warren Pear, Martin Carroll, Michael Kuehl, Chris Slape, Dave Caudell, Rachel Novak, Sarah Beachy, and Sheryl Gough for thoughtful discussions, and Clara D. Bloomfield for her constant help and encouragement.
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K Mrózek and DP Harper contributed equally to this work. The authors have no conflicting financial interests to disclose. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NCI, and NCI grants CA101140 and CA16058, and The Coleman Leukemia Research Foundation.