Elsevier

Clinical Immunology

Volume 224, March 2021, 108651
Clinical Immunology

Review Article
Interrelations between COVID-19 and other disorders

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108651Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Current data on the interrelations between COVID-19 and comorbidities is provided.

  • Some pre-existing disorders increase the risk of dying from COVID-19 infection.

  • The highest severity contributors are hypertension, diabetes, obesity, COPD, and CVD.

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory tract virus that causes Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The virus originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has spread across the globe to-date. The disease ranges from asymptomatic carriers to symptoms such as fever, sore throat, cough, lung infections, and in severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death. As many as 50% of patients reported having at least one comorbidities with COVID-19 upon hospital admission. Hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases are among the most commonly reported. Comorbidities are contributing to acute disease prognosis and increased risk of severe symptoms. Around 70% of patients who require ICU care have been observed to have comorbidities. This review intends to understand how some of these comorbidities affect the disease’s prognosis and how severe the outcome can be expected.

Keywords

COVID-19
Comorbidities
Novel coronavirus
Preexisting condition
Severe outcome
SARS-CoV-2 outcome
Diabetes
Hypertension
Asthma
Cardiovascular diseases

Abbreviations

ACE2
angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
ARBs
angiotensin II receptor blockers
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
CRS
cytokine activation or release syndrome
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
HCT
hematopoietic cell transplant
IMV
invasive mechanical ventilation
OR
odd ratio
RR
relative risk, risk ratio
SOT
solid organ transplant
T1D
type 1 diabetes
T2D
type 2 diabetes

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