Cell
Volume 184, Issue 9, 29 April 2021, Pages 2372-2383.e9
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Article
Multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants escape neutralization by vaccine-induced humoral immunity

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.013Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2-harboring mutations in spike have arisen globally

  • mRNA vaccines elicit potent neutralizing activity against homologous pseudovirus

  • Cross-neutralization of strains with receptor-binding domain (RBD) mutations is poor

  • Both RBD and non-RBD mutations mediate escape from vaccine-induced humoral immunity

Summary

Vaccination elicits immune responses capable of potently neutralizing SARS-CoV-2. However, ongoing surveillance has revealed the emergence of variants harboring mutations in spike, the main target of neutralizing antibodies. To understand the impact of these variants, we evaluated the neutralization potency of 99 individuals that received one or two doses of either BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 vaccines against pseudoviruses representing 10 globally circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2. Five of the 10 pseudoviruses, harboring receptor-binding domain mutations, including K417N/T, E484K, and N501Y, were highly resistant to neutralization. Cross-neutralization of B.1.351 variants was comparable to SARS-CoV and bat-derived WIV1-CoV, suggesting that a relatively small number of mutations can mediate potent escape from vaccine responses. While the clinical impact of neutralization resistance remains uncertain, these results highlight the potential for variants to escape from neutralizing humoral immunity and emphasize the need to develop broadly protective interventions against the evolving pandemic.

Keywords

COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
spike
variants
RBD
neutralizing antibodies
escape
mRNA vaccines

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These authors contributed equally

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