Clostridium difficile 30 years on: what has, or has not, changed and why?
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Time to antibiotic administration: Sepsis alerts called in emergency department versus in the field via emergency medical services
2021, American Journal of Emergency MedicineAntibiotic resistance of clinical isolates of Clostridioides difficile in China and its association with geographical regions and patient age
2019, AnaerobeCitation Excerpt :Clostridium difficile, reclassified as Clostridioides difficile [1], is the key precipitant of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The use of antibiotics, especially clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones, have been associated with the development of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), which disrupts the normal intestinal microbiota and creates conditions suitable for proliferation of C. difficile [2]. Epidemic C. difficile PCR ribotype 027 (B1/NAP1/027) has been shown to have elevated resistance to fluoroquinolones, is associated with increased disease severity and mortality, and has caused several outbreaks in Europe and North America [3].
Local outbreak of Clostridioides difficile PCR-Ribotype 018 investigated by multi locus variable number tandem repeat analysis, whole genome multi locus sequence typing and core genome single nucleotide polymorphism typing
2019, AnaerobeCitation Excerpt :In Europe, the estimated number of healthcare-associated CDI cases in 2013 was 126,000 per year with a 3% attributable mortality [5]. The incidence of CDI has been increasing worldwide partly due to the emergence of an epidemic strain (NAP1/027/BI) responsible for large outbreaks of severe CDI in the last few years [6,7]. Recent European surveillance has shown that NAP1/027/BI is still predominant and represents 19% of all isolates but a wide variation of ribotype distribution is observed across countries [8].
How to: diagnose infection caused by Clostridium difficile
2018, Clinical Microbiology and InfectionAntimicrobial Agents
2018, Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious DiseasesClostridium difficile disease: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment update
2017, Surgery (United States)