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Vacunas (English Edition) Evolution of vaccination schedules in Spain: 50 years after the first schedule (...
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Vol. 26. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
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4
Vol. 26. Issue 4.
(October - December 2025)
Review article
Evolution of vaccination schedules in Spain: 50 years after the first schedule (1975)
Evolución de los calendarios de vacunaciones en España: 50 años del primer calendario (1975)
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Fernando Moraga-Llop
Corresponding author
fernandomoragallop@gmail.com

Corresponding author at: C/ Doctor Roux, 103, ático 08017 Barcelona.
Societat Catalana de Pediatria, Barcelona, Spain
Asociación Española de Vacunología, Barcelona, Spain
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Table 1. Beginnings of vaccination in Spain (1800–1944).
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Table 2. Background to vaccination schedules in Spain (1957–1973).
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Table 3. Vaccination schedules in Spain (1975–1981).
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Table 4. Eighteen schedules of the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System (1996–2025).
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Table 5. Vaccination and immunisation schedules and diseases prevented.
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Table 6. Assessment of vaccination schedules in different European countries (2022).
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Abstract

The year 2025 marks the 50th anniversary of the first vaccination schedule implemented in Spain, drawn up by the General Directorate of Health, which included vaccines against five diseases. This schedule was based on the national vaccination campaigns carried out from 1963 onwards against polio and was inspired by the 1973 Barcelona city schedule. At the end of 1979, the transfer of public health matters to the Autonomous Communities began, and they started to publish their own calendars. In 1995, the Interterritorial Council of the National Health System approved its first calendar, which was published as the 1996 Vaccination Calendar, applicable up to the age of 14 and including eight vaccines, with the aim of unifying criteria and methods of action in the different vaccination programmes of each autonomous community. In 2019, the first common lifelong vaccination schedule appeared, with the incorporation of 3 age bands from 14 years of age onwards. The 2025 schedule protects against 18 diseases and is the most complete in Europe, with excellent coverage in children; and the schedule of Catalonia, Ceuta and Melilla is superior, as it protects against 19 diseases, as it includes the hepatitis A vaccine.

Keywords:
Vaccinations
Vaccines
Vaccination schedule
Polio vaccination campaigns
Vaccine equity
Resumen

En 2025 se cumplen 50 años del primer calendario de vacunaciones que se implementó en España, elaborado por la Dirección General de Sanidad, y que incluía vacunas frente a 5 enfermedades. Este calendario se basó en las campañas nacionales de vacunación realizadas a partir de 1963 frente a la poliomielitis y se inspiró en el calendario de la ciudad de Barcelona de 1973. A finales de 1979 se iniciaron las transferencias en materia de salud pública a las comunidades autónomas, y estas empezaron a publicar sus propios calendarios. En 1995, el Consejo Interterritorial del Sistema Nacional de Salud aprobó su primer calendario, que se publicó como Calendario de vacunaciones 1996, aplicable hasta los 14 años y que incluía 8 vacunas, con la finalidad de unificar criterios y métodos de actuación en los diferentes programas de vacunación de cada comunidad autónoma. En 2019 apareció el primer calendario común de vacunación a lo largo de toda la vida, con la incorporación de 3 franjas de edad a partir de los 14 años. El calendario de 2025 protege frente a 18 enfermedades y es el más completo de Europa, con unas coberturas excelentes en el niño; y el de Cataluña, Ceuta y Melilla es superior, ya que protege frente a 19 enfermedades, al incluir la vacuna de la hepatitis A.

Palabras clave:
Vacunaciones
Vacunas
Calendario de vacunaciones
Campañas de vacunación de la polio
Equidad vacunal

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