Disseminated sporotrichosis with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in an HIV patient: Case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Background

Sporotrichosis has been occurring as outbreaks in Brazil, reaching epidemic levels in some regions. Zoonotic transmission is the main route to acquire Sporothrix.

Case report

We describe a case of disseminated sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix brasiliensis in an HIV/AIDS patient, with the presentation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).

Conclusions

This case reinforces that sporotrichosis should always be suspected in patients with IRIS from endemic regions, even in patients without the typical cutaneous lesions of this mycosis.

Resumen

Antecedentes

La esporotricosis suele aparecer en Brasil en forma de brotes y alcanza tasas epidémicas en algunas regiones. La ruta principal de transmisión es la zoonótica.

Caso clínico

Describimos un caso de esporotricosis diseminada causado por Sporothrix brasiliensis en una paciente con VIH/sida que presentó un síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune (SIRI).

Conclusiones

Este caso demuestra que en regiones endémicas de esporotricosis esta micosis siempre debe ser sospechada en casos de SIRI, incluso en pacientes sin las lesiones cutáneas típicas de esta enfermedad.