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Revista Española de Patología

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Revista Española de Patología Holopath-VR360-degree virtual reality videos in pathology education: The Holopat...
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Vol. 59. Núm. 2.
(Abril - Junio 2026)
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Vol. 59. Núm. 2.
(Abril - Junio 2026)
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Holopath-VR360-degree virtual reality videos in pathology education: The Holopath-VR experience

Vídeos de realidad virtual en 360° para educación en anatomía patológica: la experiencia holopath-VR
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Eduardo Alcaraz-Mateosa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
edusqo@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Isabel Abellan-Leanteb, Franco Stefano Galdameb, Clemente Garcia-Hidalgoc,d, Marta Perez-La-Encinae, Fuensanta Caballero-Alemanf, Nicolas Sanchez-Campoyg
a Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
b Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
c Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
d Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
e Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
f Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
g Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Murcia, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Virtual reality (VR) allows individuals to have immersive experiences that may benefit medical education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of undergraduate medical students when exposed to VR pathology videos and to investigate potential adverse effects associated with this technology.

Material and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students. 360-degree videos of histology and cytology were created by scanning glass slides and editing them using ObjectiveView, Adobe Photoshop, and Sony Vegas software. Students were questioned after they viewed the HoloPathVR 4K 360° videos uploaded to the YouTube VR platform, using an Oculus Quest 2 head-mounted display (HMD). A modified version of the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) was also administered.

Results

Thirty-two students participated in the study. All participants reported that the experience was interesting (4.84/5), with a high degree of immersion (4.38/5) and receptivity to the implementation of VR as a teaching tool (4.84/5). Regarding VR-related symptoms, all were self-limited, mostly ocular in nature, and they were mild and primarily related to blurred vision (34%) or focusing problems (56%), likely attributable to the first-time use of an HMD. No significant differences in VR sickness were observed between groups or sexes.

Conclusions

Given the positive reception reported by the students, 360-degree virtual reality videos may serve as a complementary tool in pathology education, despite the initial investment and costs required. Side effects, which seem to be mild and self-limited, do not pose a barrier to the implementation of this technology.

Keywords:
Education
Virtual reality
Pathology
Metaverse
Technology
Resumen
Introducción

La Realidad Virtual (RV) proporciona experiencias inmersivas que pueden beneficiar a la educación médica. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la percepción del estudiante de medicina cuando experimenta vídeos de RV en Anatomía Patológica, así como investigar los posibles efectos adversos asociados a esta tecnología.

Material y métodos

Se realizó un estudio transversal entre estudiantes de medicina, creando videos en formato 360° con contenidos de citopatología e histopatología. Se empleó el escáner Ventana DP200 y se procesaron y editaron los archivos con ObjectiveView, Adobe Photoshop y Sony Vegas. Se realizó una encuesta entre los estudiantes tras visualizar los contenidos HoloPathVR en YouTubeVR, utilizando un sistema Oculus Quest 2. Además, se utilizó una versión modificada del cuestionario de sintomatología asociada a realidad virtual SSQ.

Resultados

Treinta y dos estudiantes participaron en el estudio. Todos los participantes manifestaron que la experiencia fue interesante (4,84/5), altamente inmersiva (4,38/5) y se mostraron abiertos a su implementación como metodología docente (4,84/5). Los síntomas asociados a RV fueron autolimitados, siendo la mayoría de tipo visual. Dichos síntomas fueron leves y mayormente relacionados con visión borrosa (34%) o problemas de enfoque (56%), atribuibles a la utilización de la RV por primera vez. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la sintomatología entre grupos o sexos.

Conclusiones

Considerando la positiva respuesta de los estudiantes, los vídeos de realidad virtual pueden representar una herramienta adicional para enseñar Anatomía Patológica, a pesar de los costes iniciales y de desarrollo. Los efectos secundarios, que parecen ser leves y autolimitados, no representan un obstáculo para la incorporación de esta tecnología.

Palabras clave:
Educación
Realidad virtual
Anatomía patológica
Metaverso
Tecnología

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