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Revista Española de Patología Gastric surgery as an acquired cause of pancreatic alpha-cell hyperplasia
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Vol. 59. Issue. 1.
(Enero - Marzo 2026)
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Vol. 59. Issue. 1.
(Enero - Marzo 2026)
Original

Gastric surgery as an acquired cause of pancreatic alpha-cell hyperplasia

Cirugía gástrica como causa adquirida de hiperplasia de células alfa pancreáticas
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Ricard Onieva Carbajoa,
Corresponding author
ronievac@tauli.cat

Corresponding author.
, Laia Casamitjanab, Cristina Gener Jorgea, Marta Vidal Borregoa, Joan Carles Ferreres Piñasa
a Pathology Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
b Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Alpha-cell hyperplasia (ACH) is a rare condition, with only eighteen cases reported in the literature. Its primary cause is Mahvash disease, a hereditary disorder associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Based on the experience of our site, previous gastric surgery (GS) is suspected to represent a potential acquired cause of ACH – the first such case described to date.

Material and methods

A case–control study was designed using pancreatic tissue samples, selecting six patients with a history of gastric surgery (GS) more than six months before, and twelve patients with GS less than six months before or no history of GS. Immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin, insulin and glucagon was performed. The neuroendocrine cellularity (NEC) area, type of cellularity, and distribution pattern were evaluated.

Results

The mean NEC area in the cases was 6.01%, compared to 3.18% in the controls (p=0.047). A history of Billroth I GS was associated with a lower NEC percentage than Billroth II, which in turn was lower than that observed following bariatric surgery. All samples contained at least one islet exceeding 250μm. In five of six cases, more than 50% of islets demonstrated abundant centrally located glucagon-positive cells, compared with two of twelve controls (p=0.013).

Conclusions

A history of CG may have histological correlates in pancreatic tissue, making it important to recognise these to avoid misdiagnosing a true ACH, which carries associated implications such as a high risk of tumour development and genetic transmission.

Keywords:
Pancreas
Alpha-cell hyperplasia
Gastric surgery
Autopsy
Resumen
Introducción

La hiperplasia de células alfa (HCA) es una entidad poco frecuente, con únicamente 18 casos descritos en la literatura. Su principal causa es la enfermedad de Mahvash, un trastorno hereditario vinculado a tumores neuroendocrinos pancreáticos. Según la experiencia de nuestro centro, se sospecha que la cirugía gástrica (CG) previa podría representar una causa adquirida de HCA, la primera descrita hasta la fecha.

Materiales y métodos

Se plantea un estudio de casos y controles con muestras de tejido pancreático, seleccionando a seis pacientes con CG de más de seis meses de evolución y a 12 pacientes con CG de menos de seis meses de evolución o sin antecedentes de CG. Se realizaron tinciones inmunohistoquímicas para cromogranina, insulina y glucagón y se evaluó el área de celularidad neuroendocrina (CN), el tipo de celularidad y su disposición.

Resultados

El promedio de CN en los casos fue del 6,01%, frente al 3,18% en los controles (valor de p=0,047). El antecedente de CG de tipo Billroth I mostró un porcentaje de CN inferior al observado en Billroth II y este, a su vez, inferior al de la cirugía bariátrica. Todas las muestras presentaron al menos un islote de tamaño superior a 250 micrómetros. En cinco de los seis casos, más del 50% de los islotes mostraron abundantes células positivas para glucagón en su región central, frente a dos de los 12 controles (valor de p=0,013).

Conclusiones

Los antecedentes de CG pueden dar lugar a alteraciones histológicas en el tejido pancreático por lo que es relevante conocerlos para evitar un diagnóstico erróneo de una verdadera HCA, que conllevaría implicaciones importantes, como un alto riesgo de desarrollo tumoral y posibilidad de transmisión genética.

Palabras clave:
Páncreas
Hiperplasia de células alfa
Cirugía gástrica
Autopsia

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