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Vol. 37. Núm. 6.
Páginas 304-310 (Enero 2002)
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Vol. 37. Núm. 6.
Páginas 304-310 (Enero 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Bacteriemia neumocócica en el anciano: características clínicas y factores pronósticos
Pneumococcal bacteriemia in the elderly. Clinical features and prognostic factors
Visitas
4582
M.A. García Ordóñez
,
Autor para correspondencia
magarcia@hantequera.SAS.junta-andalucia.es

Correspondencia: Avda. Juan Sebastián Elcano, 46. 29017 Málaga.
, R. Moya Benedicto**, J.J. López González***, D. Gómez Lora*, F.J. Sánchez Lora*, J.D. Colmenero Castillo**
a Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital de Antequera. Málaga
b Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas
c Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Carlos Haya. Málaga
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Objetivos

Analizar la epidemiología y el espectro clínico, así como identificar factores pronósticos de la bacteriemia neumocócica en el paciente anciano.

Pacientes Y Método

De forma prospectiva, se seleccionó a pacientes ancianos diagnosticados de bacteriemia neumocócica en dos hospitales de la provincia de Málaga durante el período 1995-2001 y se compararon con un grupo control de pacientes de menos de 65 años diagnosticados consecutivamente de bacteriemia neumocócica. Para identificar factores pronósticos se realizó un análisis multivariante por regresión logística.

Resultados

Se seleccionaron 72 casos de bacteriemia neumocócica en ancianos, con una edad media (desviación estándar) de 73,4 (6,9) años, el 61,1% varones. La incidencia anual media de bacteriemia neumocócica en los ancianos fue de 15,1 casos/ 100.000 habitantes. Ningún paciente había recibido previamente vacunación neumocócica. Los factores predisponentes más frecuentes fueron: enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (40,3%) y diabetes mellitus (25%). El origen pulmonar fue la fuente de infección más frecuente en los ancianos (el 81,9% frente al 65,3%; p < 0,05; odds ratio [OR]: 2,5; intervalo de confianza [IC]: 1,1-5,6). En el 13,9% de los casos no se pudo determinar la fuente de infección. La tasa de resistencia a penicilina fue del 23,6%. La mortalidad fue superior entre los ancianos (el 34,7 frente al 18,1%; p < 0,05; OR: 2,4; IC: 1,1-5,7%). Los factores pronósticos asociados con mortalidad de forma independiente en la bacteriemia neumocócica del anciano fueron hipoalbuminemia, presencia de infiltrados pulmonares multilobares y confusión, lo que generó un modelo con una especificidad del 97,9% y un valor predictivo positivo del 88,9%.

Conclusiones

La bacteriemia neumocócica en el anciano es una entidad frecuente, cuyo origen más común es el pulmonar, y se asocia con una alta mortalidad. Se describe un modelo pronóstico con alto poder predictivo.

Palabras clave:
acteriemia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Anciano
Objective

To analyze the epidemiology and the clinical spectrum as well as to identify prognostic factors for pneumococcal bacteriemia (PB) in the elderly.

Patient and Method

Elderly patients diagnosed of PB in two hospitals in Malaga (Spain) were selected prospectively between 1995 and 2001. They were compared with a control group of younger in-patients diagnosed consecutively of PB. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression was carried out to identify prognostic factors.

Results

Seventy-two cases of PB in elderly patients were included. Mean age was 73.4; standar desviation, 6.9 years, 61.1% occurring in males. The overall annual incidence of PB in the elderly was 15.1 cases/100,000 population. None of the patients had received pneumococcal vaccine previously. The most common underlying diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (40.3%) and diabetes mellitus (25%). The lungs were the most frequent source of infection in the elderly (81.9% to 65.3%; p < 0.05; OR: 2.5; CI:1.1-5.6). No source of bacteriemia could be identified in 10 (13.9%) cases. Resistance rate to penicillin was 23.6%. Mortality in elderly patients was higher than in younger patients (34.7% to 18.1%; p < 0.05; OR: 2.4; CI:1.1-5.7). In the multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic factors for mortality were hypoalbuminaemia, multi-lobe involvement and presence of confusion. A predictive model was generated with 97.9% specificity and 88.9% positive predictive value.

Conclusions

There is a high incidence of PB in elderly patients. The lung is the most common source of bacteriemia. These patients have a higher mortality rate than younger patients. A prognostic model is described with high predictive power.

Key words:
acteriemia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Elderly
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