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Vol. 49. Núm. 5.
Páginas 390-403 (Enero 2005)
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Vol. 49. Núm. 5.
Páginas 390-403 (Enero 2005)
Acceso a texto completo
Atrapamiento o choque femoroacetabular
Femoroacetabular impingement
Visitas
12428
M. Ribas
Autor para correspondencia
manelribas@jazzfree.com

Correspondencia: Instituto Universitario Dexeus. C./ Iradier, 3. 08017 Barcelona.
, J.M. Vilarrubias, I. Ginebreda, J. Silberberg, J. Leal
Unidad de Patología de la Extremidad Inferior. Departamento de Aparato Locomotor y Medicina del Deporte. Instituto Universitario Dexeus. Barcelona
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Información del artículo
Introducción

El atrapamiento o choque femoroacetabular es una patología conocida y publicada recientemente en la comunidad médica.

Diagnóstico

Se caracteriza por dolor en los movimientos de flexión-rotación interna-aducción de la cadera que provoca alteraciones degenerativas en el cartílago articular y en el complejo cápsulo-labral. Si bien existen diferentes combinaciones en cuanto a su mecanismo lesional, también concurrirán diferentes alteraciones femoroacetabulares, que se enuncian en esta actualización. Su diagnóstico se basará en la clínica, radiología, –con signos radiológicos patognomónicos–, tomografía axial computarizada y resonancia magnética nuclear. En algunos casos será necesaria la artrorresonancia.

Tratamiento

Aunque existen ya otras vías entre el tratamiento conservador y la artroplastia de cadera, como es la artroscopia en los estadios iniciales, con posible reparación del labrum acetabular, la osteoplastia femoroacetabular posiblemente sea hoy por hoy, en adultos jóvenes activos, el tratamiento de elección cuando comienza el proceso degenerativo. Se reserva la artroplastia de superficie para pacientes con grado avanzado de deterioro articular y con ciertas expectativas de actividad física, aunque ya sean de menor intensidad. Siempre quedará como último recurso la artroplastia total de cadera.

Conclusiones

Si bien estas técnicas quirúrgicas de reciente introducción proporcionan resultados muy alentadores, nunca hay que olvidar que existen casos en los que concurren diversas alteraciones con desviación femoral, acetabular o combinadas. En estos casos, y con anterioridad a la desestructuración de la articulación, las osteotomías correctoras tendrán su lugar.

Palabras clave:
artrosis
cadera
atrapamiento femoroacetabular
Introduction

Femoroacetabular impingement is a condition that has only recently become familiar in medical circles and been the subject of published reports.

Diagnosis

There is pain on hip flexion-internal rotationand adduction. These movements cause degenerative alterations of the joint cartilage and the capsule-labrum complex. Though the causes of disorders of this joint are different lesions, there are also different femoroacetabular alterations that are the underlying cause. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, X-rays -characteristic radiological signs-CT and MRI scans. In some cases MR arthrography may be necessary.

Treatment

Nowadays, there are many alternatives that range from conservative treatment to total hip replacement. One is arthroscopy in the initial stages, with the possibility of labrum repair. However, it is possible that femoroacetabular osteoplasty is currently, in young active adults, the treatment of choice when joint degeneration begins. Resurfacing arthroplasty is for patients with an advanced degree of joint deterioration who wish to continue physical activity, but of a less strenuous kind. Total hip replacement will always be a last resort.

Conclusions

Although these recently introduced surgical techniques have very encouraging outcomes, we must always remember that there are cases in which several alterations are present with femoral, acetabular or combined disorders. In these cases, before taking down the joint, corrective osteotomies are advisable.

Key words:
osteoarthritis
hip
femoroacetabular impingement
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