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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría Dimensiones de la empatía en excombatientes del conflicto armado colombiano uti...
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Vol. 42. Núm. 1.
Páginas 9-28 (Marzo 2013)
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Vol. 42. Núm. 1.
Páginas 9-28 (Marzo 2013)
Artículos originales
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Dimensiones de la empatía en excombatientes del conflicto armado colombiano utilizando una escala estandarizada*
Dimensions of Empathy in Ex-Combatants of the Colombian Armed Conflict Using a Standardized Scale
Visitas
1045
David A. Pineda1,
Autor para correspondencia
dpineda12@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: David A. Pineda, Sede de Investigaciones Universitarias (SIU), Calle 62 No. 52-59, laboratorio 412, Medellín, Colombia
, Daniel Camilo Aguirre-Acevedo2, Natalia Trujillo3, Ana María Valencia4, Ángela Pareja5, Carlos Tobón6, Lina Velilla7, Agustín Ibáñez8
1 Médico neurólogo, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
2 Mg. Epidemiología PhDc, Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
3 Psicóloga PhD, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
4 Psicóloga, Grupo Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
5 Psicóloga, Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
6 Médico, PhDc, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia. Grupo de Neuropsicología y Conducta, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
7 Psicóloga, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
8 Psicólogo PhD, Instituto de Neurología Cognitiva (INECO), Universidad Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Introducción

La empatía es uno de los constructos de la llamadas neurociencias sociales. Se define como una disposición de dimensiones múltiples que permite colocarse en el estado emocional del otro. Colombia presenta un conflicto interno irregular prolongado, que ha venido deteriorándose en crueldad.

Objetivos

Evaluar las dimensiones de la empatía de 285 excombatientes del conflicto armado colombiano, usando el Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI) en español.

Métodos y sujetos

Se seleccionó una muestra de 285 excombatientes, 241 (84,6%) hombres: 85,3% paramilitares y 14,7% guerrilleros. Se les aplicó el IRI de 28 ítems. Se realizaron 3 análisis de factores exploratorios (AFE) y análisis factoriales confirmatorios (AFC), utilizando ecuaciones estructurales.

Resultados

Un primer AFE obtuvo 9 factores (KMO = 0,74 y 54,7% de varianza, consistencia interna [CI]: 0,22-0,63). Un segundo AFE con 20 ítems con cargas superiores a 0,4 mostró una estructura de 6 factores (KMO = 0,70, 50,3% de varianza; CI: 0,37-0,63). Un tercer AFE forzó las 4 dimensiones originales (KMO = 0,74, varianza 33,77% y CI: 0,44-0,77). El AFC mostró índices de bondad de ajuste adecuados para los 3 modelos. El de 4 factores obtuvo los más bajos, y el de 6 factores, los más altos. El modelo de 4 factores obtuvo la mejor CI.

Conclusión

El IRI en español en excombatientes del conflicto colombiano tiene estructuras posibles de 4, 6 y 9 factores. El mejor ajuste es la de 6 factores. La de 4 factores tuvo mejor CI.

Palabras clave:
Empatía
neurociencias sociales
cognición social
análisis factorial
violencia
Abstract
Introduction

Empathy is one of the main concepts of in social neurosciences. It is defined as a trait with multiple dimensions allowing individuals to place themselves in the emotional states of others. Colombia has an irregular, internal and long-lasting armed conflict which has been increasing its cruelty levels.

Objectives

to assess the empathy dimensions of 285 ex-combatants from the internal Colombian conflict, using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index(IRI) in Spanish.

Methodology and Subjects

a sample of 285 male ex-combatants, 241 (84, 6%) males: 85,3% paramilitaries, and 14,7% guerillas. The 28 Item IRI questionnaires were administered. 3 exploratory factor analyses (EFA) were performed. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were developed using structural equation procedures.

Results

The first EFA obtained 9 factors (KMO=0,74, variance 54,7% and internal consistency (IC): 0,22 – 0,63). The second EFA produced 20 items with burdens above 0,4 and showed a 6-factor structure (KMO=0,70, variance 50,3%, IC: 0,37 – 0,63). The third EFA forced the 4 original IRI dimensions (KMO=0,74, variance 33,77, IC: 0,44 – 0,77. CFAs showed goodness of adjustment indexes adequate for the three models. The 4-factor model obtained the lowest value, while the 6-factor model obtained the highest. The 4- factor model showed the best IC.

Conclusion

The Spanish IRI administered to ex-combatants of the Colombian conflict has possible structures of 4, 6 and 9 factors. The best adjustment was for the 6-fctor. The 4-factor model exhibited the best IC.

Key words:
Emphaty
social neurosciences
social cognition
factor analysis
violence
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Conflictos de interés: Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de interés en este artículo.

Financiado por Colciencias, mediante Contrato No. 455-2009. Datos derivados del proyecto Procesamiento emocional y su modulación en personas reinsertadas del conflicto colombiano, pertenecientes a la alta consejería de la Presidencia de la República, zona Antioquia.

Copyright © 2013. Asociación Colombiana de Psiquiatría
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