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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English Edition) Incidence of confusional syndrome (delirium) in a Latin American university hosp...
Journal Information
Vol. 53. Issue 1.
Pages 41-46 (January - March 2024)
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Vol. 53. Issue 1.
Pages 41-46 (January - March 2024)
Original article
Incidence of confusional syndrome (delirium) in a Latin American university hospital
Incidencia del Síndrome Confusional (delirio) en un Hospital Universitario Latinoamericano
Gabriel Fernando Oviedo Lugoa,b,c,
Corresponding author
goviedo@javeriana.edu.co

Corresponding author.
, Paola Andrea García Martíneza,b,c, Andrés Duarte Osoriod, Carlos Javier Rincóne, Alejandra Lópezf, Roberto Chavarríaf, Catalina Pineda Betancurf, Natalia García Gilg, María Natalia Duarte Arizag, Juan Agustín Patiño Trejosh, Juan Sebastián Insignaresh, Carlos Gómez-Restrepoa,b
a Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
b Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
c Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus, Bogotá, Colombia
d Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Social, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
e Departamento de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
f Especialista en Psiquiatría y en Psiquiatría de enlace
g Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
h Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tables (4)
Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics and number of comorbidities in 531 hospitalised patients during the first half of 2018.
Table 2. Incidence of delirium and relative risks per hospital department.
Table 3. Incidence of delirium and relative risks according to age, sex, marital status, professional status and number of comorbidities.
Table 4. Relative risk of delirium adjusted for age, marital status, number of comorbidities and hospital department.
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Abstract
Background

Little is known about the incidence of delirium and its subtypes in patients admitted to different departments of university hospitals in Latin America.

Objective

To determine the incidence of delirium and the frequency of its subtypes, as well as its associated factors, in patients admitted to different departments of a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia.

Methods

A cohort of patients over 18 years of age admitted to the internal medicine (IM), geriatrics (GU), general surgery (GSU), orthopaedics (OU) and intensive care unit (ICU) services of a university hospital was followed up between January and June 2018. To detect the presence of delirium, we used the CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) and the CAM-ICU if the patient had decreased communication skills. The delirium subtype was characterised using the RASS (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale). Patients were assessed on their admission date and then every two days until discharged from the hospital. Those in whom delirium was identified were referred for specialised intra-institutional interdisciplinary management.

Results

A total of 531 patients admitted during the period were assessed. The overall incidence of delirium was 12% (95% CI, 0.3–14.8). They represented 31.8% of patients in the GU, 15.6% in the ICU, 8.7% in IM, 5.1% in the OU, and 3.9% in the GSU. The most frequent clinical display was the mixed subtype, at 60.9%, followed by the normoactive subtype (34.4%) and the hypoactive subtype (4.7%). The factors most associated with delirium were age (adjusted RR = 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05−1.09), the presence of four or more comorbidities (adjusted RR = 2.04; 95% CI, 1.31−3.20), and being a patient in the ICU (adjusted RR = 2.02; 95% CI, 1.22−3.35).

Conclusions

The incidence of delirium is heterogeneous in the different departments of the university hospital. The highest incidence occurred in patients that were admitted to the GU. The mixed subtype was the most frequent one, and the main associated factors were age, the presence of four or more comorbidities, and being an ICU patient.

Keywords:
Delirium
Delirium assessment
Incidence
CAM
CAM ICU
Delirium subtypes
Geriatric Unit
Resumen
Introducción

Poco se conoce acerca de la incidencia del delirio en pacientes hospitalizados en diferentes servicios de hospitales universitarios en Latinoamérica y de los subtipos que se presentan.

Objetivo

Determinar la incidencia del delirio, la frecuencia de los subtipos motores y los factores asociados en pacientes hospitalizados en diferentes servicios de un hospital universitario en Bogotá, Colombia.

Métodos

Se dio seguimiento a una cohorte de pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados en los servicios de Medicina Interna, Geriatría, Cuidado Intensivo, Cirugía General y Ortopedia de un hospital universitario entre enero y junio de 2018. Para identificar la presencia de delirio, se utilizó la escala CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) y la CAM-ICU si el paciente presentaba disminución de las capacidades de comunicación. El subtipo de delirio se caracterizó utilizando la escala RASS (Richmond Agitation and Sedation Scale). Los pacientes fueron valorados el día de ingreso y luego cada 2 días hasta su alta hospitalaria. Se derivó a los pacientes en quienes se identificó delirio para tratamiento especializado interdisciplinario intrainstitucional.

Resultados

Se evaluó a 531 pacientes que ingresaron durante ese periodo a los servicios mencionados. La incidencia global del delirio fue del 12% (IC95%, 0,3–14,8). En orden descendiente, el 31,8% de los pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de Geriatría, el 15,6% en Cuidado Intensivo, el 8,7% en Medicina Interna, el 5,1% en Ortopedia y el 3,9% en Cirugía. El subtipo motor más frecuente fue el mixto (60,9%), seguido por el normoactivo (34,4%) y el hipoactivo (4,7%). Los factores asociados con la incidencia del delirio fueron la edad (RR ajustada = 1,07; IC95%, 1,05−1,09), la presencia de 4 o más comorbilidades (RR ajustada = 2,04; IC95%, 1,31−3,20) y la hospitalización en Cuidado Intensivo (RR ajustada = 2,02; IC95%, 1,22−3,35).

Conclusiones

La incidencia del delirio es heterogénea en los diferentes servicios del hospital universitario. La mayor incidencia se presentó en pacientes ingresados en el servicio de Geriatría; el subtipo más frecuente fue el mixto y los principales factores asociados fueron la edad, la presencia de 4 o más comorbilidades y la hospitalización en Cuidado Intensivo.

Palabras clave:
Delirio
Incidencia
CAM
CAM UCI
Subtipos de delirio
Unidad geriátrica

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