Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Cardiología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Cardiología Tratamiento perioperatorio del paciente con antiagregación o anticoagulación
Información de la revista
Vol. 19. Núm. 5.
Páginas 252-259 (Septiembre - Octubre 2012)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 19. Núm. 5.
Páginas 252-259 (Septiembre - Octubre 2012)
Open Access
Tratamiento perioperatorio del paciente con antiagregación o anticoagulación
Peri-operative management of patients with anti-platelet or anticoagulation treatment
Visitas
3702
Juan C. Díaz M.1, Mauricio Duque R.1,2,3,
Autor para correspondencia
mauricioduque@une.net.co

Correspondencia: Cra 24B # 16-26, teléfono: (574) 444 7378, Medellin, Colombia.
, Laura Duque G.1, William Uribe A.1,2, Eduardo Medina D.1,2, Jorge Marín V.1,2
1 Universidad CES. Medellín, Colombia
2 Clínica CES. Medellín, Colombia
3 Clínica Las Américas. Medellín, Colombia
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo

El tratamiento del paciente que recibe terapias que afectan la hemostasia normal (anticoagulantes y/o antiagregantes plaquetarios) y que será sometido a un procedimiento quirúrgico, es uno de los retos que se presentan cada vez con mayor frecuencia en los servicios de cardiología. La toma de la mejor opción terapéutica en este grupo de pacientes requiere un profundo conocimiento sobre los riesgos de sangrado en caso de continuarse el tratamiento, frente a los riesgos de trombosis o embolismo en caso de suspenderlo. Por tradición, esa decisión se ha basado más en el temor al riesgo de sangrado, por lo cual en muchos casos se ha suspendido dicha terapia de manera innecesaria. En los últimos años, la aparición de la evidencia que indica que no sólo no es alto el riesgo de sangrado sino que además la continuación de estos medicamentos en muchos casos disminuye desenlaces adversos mayores, ha llevado a replantear esta conducta. En este artículo se revisará la evidencia actual existente al respecto y se suministrarán pautas que permitan la toma de una decisión adecuada.

Palabras clave:
anticoagulantes
inhibidores de agregación plaquetaria
hemorragia
trombosis

Treatment of patients receiving therapies that affect normal hemostasis (anticoagulants and / or antiplatelet aggregators) and that will undergo surgery, is one of the challenges that arise with increasing frequency in the cardiology services. Making the best therapeutic option in these patients requires a thorough understanding of the risks of bleeding in case of continuing the treatment against the risks of thrombosis or embolism in case of stopping it. By tradition, this decision has been based more on fear to the risk of bleeding, whereby in many cases this therapy has been suspended unnecessarily. In recent years, the emergence of evidence indicates that the risk of bleeding is not high and that continuation of these drugs in many cases reduce major adverse outcomes. This has led to redefine this behavior. In this article we review the current evidence available on the subject and provide guidelines that allow making a right decision.

Keywords:
anticoagulants
platelet aggregation inhibitors
hemorrhage
thrombosis
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.D. Douketis, P.B. Berger, A.S. Dunn, A.K. Jaffer, A.C. Spyropoulos, R.C. Becker, et al.
The perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th. Edition).
Chest, 133 (2008), pp. 299S-339S
[2.]
M.J. Kovacs, C. Kearon, M. Rodger, D.R. Anderson, A.G. Turpie, S.M. Bates, et al.
Single-arm study of bridging therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin for patients at risk of arterial embolism who require temporary interruption of warfarin.
Circulation, 110 (2004), pp. 1658-1663
[3.]
K. Woods, J.D. Douketis, K. Kathirgamanathan, Q. Yi, M.A. Crowther.
Low-dose oral vitamin K to normalize the international normalized ratio prior to surgery in patients who require temporary interruption of warfarin.
J Thromb Thrombolysis, 24 (2007), pp. 93-97
[4.]
M.H. Eckman, J.R. Beshansky, I. Durand-Zaleski, H.J. Levine, S.G. Pauker.
Anticoagulation for noncardiac procedures in patients with prosthetic heart valves Does low risk mean high cost?.
JAMA, 263 (1990), pp. 1513-1521
[5.]
S. Savonitto, M. Caracciolo, M. Cattaneo, S. de Servi.
Management of patients with recently implanted coronary stents on dual antiplatelet therapy who need to undergo major surgery.
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis JTH, (2011),
[6.]
E.S. Brilakis, D.J. Cohen, N.S. Kleiman, M. Pencina, D. Nassif, J. Saucedo, et al.
Incidence and clinical outcome of minor surgery in the year after drug-eluting stent implantation: results from the Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events Registry.
Am Heart J, 161 (2011), pp. 360-366
[7.]
A.C. To, G. Armstrong, I. Zeng, M.W. Webster.
Noncardiac surgery and bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention.
Circulation Cardiovascular interventions, 2 (2009), pp. 213-221
[8.]
S. Anwaruddin, A.T. Askari, H. Saudye, L. Batizy, P.L. Houghtaling, M. Alamoudi, et al.
Characterization of post-operative risk associated with prior drug-eluting stent use.
JACC Cardiovascular interventions, 2 (2009), pp. 542-549
[9.]
M.J. Whitson, A.E. Dikman, C. von Althann, S. Sanyal, J.C. Desai, N.D. Bamji, et al.
Is gastroduodenal biopsy safe in patients receiving aspirin and clopidogrel?.: a prospective, randomized study involving 630 biopsies.
J Clin Gastroenterol, 45 (2011), pp. 228-233
[10.]
M. Singh, N. Mehta, U.K. Murthy, V. Kaul, A. Arif, N. Newman.
Postpolypectomy bleeding in patients undergoing colonoscopy on uninterrupted clopidogrel therapy.
Gastrointest Endosc, 71 (2010), pp. 998-1005
[11.]
L.A. Feagins, F.S. Uddin, R.E. Davila, W.V. Harford, S.J. Spechler.
The rate of postpolypectomy bleeding for patients on uninterrupted clopidogrel therapy during elective colonoscopy is acceptably low.
Dig Dis Sci, 56 (2011), pp. 2631-2638
[12.]
J.J. Sung, J.Y. Lau, J.Y. Ching, J.C. Wu, Y.T. Lee, P.W. Chiu, et al.
Continuation of lowdose aspirin therapy in peptic ulcer bleeding: a randomized trial.
[13.]
I.T. Khubchandani, M.G. Heyrosa, S.V. Thekkeurumbil.
Optimal timing of anticoagulation pre- and post-colonoscopy with polypectomy.
Techniques in coloproctology, 15 (2011), pp. 185-189
[14.]
C. Tompkins, C.A. Henrikson.
Optimal strategies for the management of antiplatelet and anticoagulation medications prior to cardiac device implantation.
Cardiology Journal, 18 (2011), pp. 103-109
[15.]
U.K. Wiegand, D. LeJeune, F. Boguschewski, H. Bonnemeier, F. Eberhardt, H. Schunkert, et al.
Pocket hematoma after pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator surgery: influence of patient morbidity, operation strategy, and perioperative antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy.
Chest, 126 (2004), pp. 1177-1186
[16.]
C. Tompkins, A. Cheng, D. Dalal, J.A. Brinker, C.T. Leng, J.E. Marine, et al.
Dual antiplatelet therapy and heparin “bridging” significantly increase the risk of bleeding complications after pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator device implantation.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 55 (2010), pp. 2376-2382
[17.]
V. Chow, I. Ranasinghe, J. Lau, H. Stowe, P. Bannon, N. Hendel, et al.
Peri-procedural anticoagulation and the incidence of haematoma formation after permanent pacemaker implantation in the elderly.
Heart, Lung & Circulation, 19 (2010), pp. 706-712
[18.]
S. Thal, T. Moukabary, R. Boyella, M. Shanmugasundaram, M.K. Pierce, H. Thai, et al.
The relationship between warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel continuation in the peri-procedural period and the incidence of hematoma formation after device implantation.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 33 (2010), pp. 385-388
[19.]
A. Cheng, S. Nazarian, J.A. Brinker, C. Tompkins, D.D. Spragg, C.T. Leng, et al.
Continuation of warfarin during pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: a randomized clinical trial.
Heart rhythm: the official journal of the Heart Rhythm Society, 8 (2011), pp. 536-540
[20.]
I. Ahmed, E. Gertner, W.B. Nelson, C.M. House, R. Dahiya, C.P. Anderson, et al.
Continuing warfarin therapy is superior to interrupting warfarin with or without bridging anticoagulation therapy in patients undergoing pacemaker and defibrillator implantation.
Heart rhythm : the official Journal of the Heart Rhythm Society, 7 (2010), pp. 745-749
[21.]
O. Cano, J. Osca, M.J. Sancho-Tello, J. Olague, J.E. Castro, A. Salvador.
Morbidity associated with three different antiplatelet regimens in patients undergoing implantation of cardiac rhythm management devices.
Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology: Journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 13 (2011), pp. 395-401
[22.]
J. de Bono, S. Nazir, N. Ruparelia, Y. Bashir, T. Betts, K. Rajappan.
Perioperative management of anticoagulation during device implantation-the UK perspective.
Pacing Clin Electrophysiol, 33 (2010), pp. 389-393
[23.]
E.S. Eerenberg, P.W. Kamphuisen, M.K. Sijpkens, J.C. Meijers, H.R. Buller, M. Levi.
Reversal of rivaroxaban and dabigatran by prothrombin complex concentrate: a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study in healthy subjects.
Circulation, 124 (2011), pp. 1573-1579
Copyright © 2012. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
Opciones de artículo
Herramientas