Prácticas de alimentación en adolescentes escolares de cinco ciudades colombianas: resultados de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares

Información del artículo

Resumen

Objetivos

Contar con información sobre aspectos clave de las prácticas de alimentación en adolescentes escolares quienes conforman un grupo poblacional de interés, por la posibilidad de intervenciones exitosas para el mejoramiento de la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios en el espacio escolar.

Métodos

Se implementó la Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares en 2007, en colegios públicos y privados de Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Cali, Manizales y Valledupar. Se hizo un muestreo bietápico por conglomerados, de colegios y clases, cuyos resultados son representativos por ciudades para los jóvenes escolares entre 13 y 15 años. La encuesta fue anónima, voluntaria y autodiligenciada por los estudiantes. El análisis estadístico se realizó en los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC).

Resultados

En las cinco ciudades estudiadas sólo el 15,1% de los estudiantes reportaron el consumo de 5 o más veces diarias de fruta y verdura; el 62,5% reportaron el consumo de snacks entre comidas 3 o más veces durante la semana anterior; y el 30,1% reportó haber consumido bebidas carbonatadas 2 o más veces diarias durante los últimos 30 días.

Conclusiónes

Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los escolares de las cinco ciudades tienen patrones alimentarios que no cumplen con las recomendaciones; los hábitos reportados son preocupantes, y deberían conllevar intervenciones específicas.

Palabras clave:

Adolescente

Colombia

dieta

obesidad

vigilancia epidemiológica

Abstract

Objective

To provide information on the key issues of adolescent students' dietary and nutritional habits with the aim of possibly altering their school-day calorie intake.

Methods

The Global School-Based Health Survey was carried out in public and private schools in five Colombian cities: Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Cali, Manizales and Valledupar. Students were selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The survey was anonymous, voluntary and self-processed by students. Statistical analysis was performed at the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. Results are representative for adolescent students, ages 13-15, in each city.

Results

In the five cities, only 15.1% of students reported recommended consumption of five or more daily portions of fruit; 62.5% reported snacking between meals, three or more times during the previous week; and, 30.1% reported soft drink consumption, twice a day or more, during the previous thirty days.

Conclusions

Results indicate worrisome dietary habits among adolescents in five Colombian cities and should be used to foster specific school-based interventions.

Key words:

Adolescents

Colombia

diet

obesity

health surveys

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