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Vol. 38. Núm. 3.
Páginas 348-360 (Agosto - Octubre 2010)
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Vol. 38. Núm. 3.
Páginas 348-360 (Agosto - Octubre 2010)
INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA
Open Access
Paciente embarazada con enfermedad cardiaca*: Manejo periparto basado en la estratificación del riesgo. Serie de casos 2005–2009
Pregnant patient with cardiac diseases*
Visitas
2161
Germán A. Monsalve**, Catalina M. Martínez***, Tatiana Gallo***, María Virginia González***, Gonzalo Arango***, Alejandro Upegui***, Juan Manuel Castillo***, Juan Guillermo González***, Jorge Rubio****, Leonardo Mojica*****
** Médico Anestesiólogo, Coordinador Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica Clínica del Prado. Medellín, Colombia.
*** Anestesiólogos Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica Clínica del Prado. Medellín, Colombia.
**** Anestesiólogo cardiovascular Unidad de Alta dependencia Obstétrica Clínica del Prado. Medellín, Colombia.
***** Anestesiólogo intensivista Unidad de Alta dependencia Obstétrica Clínica del Prado. Medellín, Colombia.
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Información del artículo
RESUMEN
Objetivo

Reportamos nuestra experiencia en el manejo de una serie de pacientes obstétricas con enfermedad cardiaca de diferentes etiologías, utilizando una estrategia de estratificación del riesgo, para elaborar un plan de manejo periparto en el que está incluido el manejo anestésico.

Métodos

Serie de casos. Revisión retrospectiva de 37 pacientes embarazadas con diagnóstico de enfermedad cardiaca de diferentes etiologías, ingresadas a la Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica de la Clínica del Prado, de Medellín, Colombia entre 2005 y 2009.

Resultados

Del total de 37 pacientes, 15 presentaron enfermedad cardiaca congénita; 13, enfermedad cardiaca valvular; 5, cardiomiopatía periparto, y las 4 restantes, trastornos del ritmo y enfermedad isquémica. Se estratificó el riesgo según la clasificación de lesiones anatómicas y el riesgo de eventos cardiacos basados en el CARPREG. Se identificaron ocho pacientes en el grupo de alto riesgo y el resto, en riesgo intermedio y bajo. La mayor parte de las pacientes fueron manejadas con técnicas anestésicas conductivas (89,2 %). La decisión de cesárea (35 %) se dio por indicación obstétrica. Se presentaron complicaciones maternas de origen cardiovascular en el 10,8 % de los casos. No se presentaron muertes maternas.

Conclusión

La implementación de un protocolo de estratificación del riesgo de muerte y de la aparición de complicaciones cardiovasculares en la paciente embarazada con cardiopatía le permite al anestesiólogo hacer parte integral del grupo interdisciplinario de manejo y, así, tener impacto en la obtención de un mejor resultado materno y perinatal en este grupo de pacientes.

Palabras clave:
Cardiopatía
complicaciones del embarazo
riesgo
anestesia (Fuente: DeCS, BIREME)
SUMMARY
Objetive

We report a series of obstetric patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases, using a risk based strategy to develop peripartum plans in which the anesthetic management is included.

Methodos

Case reports. Retrospective analysis of 37 pregnant patients with a wide range of cardiac diseases admitted to the High Dependency Unit of Clínica del Prado, in Medellín, Colombia from 2005 to 2009.

Results

From a total of 37 patients, 15 had congenital heart disease, 13 valvular disease, 5 postpartum cardiomyopathy, and the other 4 included rhythm abnormalities and ischemic heart disease. CARPREG study criteria were used for risk stratification. Eight patients were identified in the high risk group, and the rest as intermedíate and low risk. Most of the patients had regional anesthesia management (89.2 %). The decision for caesarean section was decided for obstetric indication was performed in 35 % of the cases. There were cardiac complications in 10.8 % of the cases and there were no maternal deaths.

Conclusions

The application of a morbidity and mortality cardiac risk stratification protocol in pregnant women allows the anesthesiologist to participate in a multispecialty treatment team, and so they are able to achieve the best possible maternal outcome in this group of patients.

Keywords:
Heart diseases
pregnancy complications
risk
anesthesia (Source: MeSH, NLM)
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