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Este documento es una síntesis comprensiva de la resistencia de plantas a patógenos siguiendo el marco conceptual de resistencia vertical y horizontal desarrollado por Plank.

Contiene descripciones actualizadas de los mecanismos implicados en la resistencia de patógenos con base en la información molecular disponible.

Explica los conceptos de resistencia cuantitativa y de campo como una extensión de un mecanismo general de resistencia.

A two-phase bioreactor for dye decolorization by filamentous fungi is presented.

It allowed de-coupling of sterile growth and non-sterile decolorization.

First phase involved dye decolorization by immobilized fungal cultures.

Spherical plastic polyethylene mesh cartridges filled with wheat bran were used.

In the second phase extracellular ligninolytic extracts were applied.

All fungicides reduced F. proliferatum growth rates when compared to the control.

All fungicides reduced fumonisins production when they were used in high doses.

Fungicides effect in growth and FBs increased, as they concentration increased.

Except P, all fungicides used in sub-lethal doses enhanced FBs production.

P was the most effective fungicide: inhibited growth and FBs in most conditions.

Cladosporium rot on Bosc pears has been reported in the valleys of Río Negro and Neuquén.

Cladosporium macrocarpum, C. subtilissimum and C. floccosum were the species involved.

This is the first report of identified Cladosporium species as involved in this pathology.

The use of the RHT significantly increased the frequency of HIV diagnosis.

Approximately one of three individuals had never tested for HIV previously.

No access to medical care and irregular condom use associated with no HIV testing.

Tendency toward a higher HIV prevalence in patients with no prior HIV testing.

Use of RHT slightly incremented the receipt of confirmatory results.