Tabaquismo en los estudiantes de alto nivel académico en la Comunidad de Madrid y comparación con estudio previo similar realizado en 2014

Resumen

El tabaquismo es un problema de salud pública que afecta a los jóvenes, influenciado por el entorno y el nivel cultural.

Objetivos

Determinar la prevalencia de tabaquismo en estudiantes de bachillerato de excelencia (BE) con alto nivel académico en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid, en el curso 2018-2019. Valorar influencias del ambiente sociocultural en la iniciación del tabaquismo. Comparar con estudios previos realizados en alumnos de BE y la población general.

Población y métodos

Estudio transversal en alumnos de BE de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Mediante encuesta anónima se interrogó sobre el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras sustancias tóxicas; influencia del entorno, amigos y familiares en el inicio. Comparar con estudios previos.

Resultados

Se recogieron 740 jóvenes de 16,57 ± 0,61 años; eran 430 (58,1%) mujeres y fumaban 53 (7,18%). Reconocían la influencia inicial de amigos 39 (78%). Consumían alcohol 349 (47,48%); y otras sustancias 109 (15,27%). Ser fumador se relacionó con consumir alcohol y otras drogas, tener madre, hermanos y amigos fumadores.

Respecto a estudios previos, no se modificó la prevalencia de tabaquismo.

Conclusiones

La prevalencia del tabaquismo en estudiantes de alto nivel académico del BE de la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid continúa siendo inferior a la de jóvenes de su edad y no existen variaciones respecto a informes previos. El inicio está relacionado con el tabaquismo de amigos, hermanos y de la madre; con el consumo de alcohol y otras drogas. La educación y los programas preventivos son muy importantes en el inicio y prevención del tabaquismo.

Abstract

Smoking is a public health problem that affects young people, and influenced by the environment and cultural level.

Objectives

To determine smoking prevalence among high-level baccalaureate students in the Autonomous Community of Madrid during the 2018-2019 academic year. To assess the influence of the socio-cultural environment on the onset of youth smoking. To compare the results with previous studies conducted on students of baccalaureate of excellence (BE) and the general population.

Population and methods

Cross-sectional study on BE students in the Autonomous Community of Madrid. Using an anonymous questionnaire, they were asked about tobacco, alcohol and drug consumption, as well as the influence of the environment, friends, and family in the beginning. To compare with previous studies.

Results

A total of 740 valid questionnaires were collected, of which 430 (58.1%) were female, an overall mean age of 16.57 ± 0.61 years, and 53 (7.18%) were smokers. The majority 39 (78%) of smokers acknowledged their friends’ influence at its onset. Alcohol was consumed by 349 (47.48%) and other drugs by 109 (15.27%). Being a smoker was related to alcohol, other drugs, a smoking mother, smoking siblings and smoking friends.

Conclusions

Smoking prevalence among students of BE in Autonomous Community of Madrid continues to be lower than the prevalence of adolescents of their age and there are no variations from previous reports. Starting smoking is related to smoking by friends, siblings, and the mother and with the consumption of alcohol and other substances.

Education is very important in the beginning and prevention of smoking, and it is necessary to implement prevention programs at early ages in order to promote their effectiveness, and aimed at young people, parents and teachers.