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Vol. 14. Núm. S2.
Páginas 181-192 (Diciembre 2010)
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Vol. 14. Núm. S2.
Páginas 181-192 (Diciembre 2010)
Open Access
Zigomicosis
Zygomycosis
Visitas
22542
Gerson Arias León, Javier Garzón Herazo
Autor para correspondencia
garzonjavier@yahoo.com

Correspondencia: Javier Garzón. Dirección electrónica.
Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen

Las zigomicosis son infecciones fúngicas graves e inusuales, causadas por hongos ubicuos pertenecientes a la clase Zigomicetos, los cuales están subdivididos en dos órdenes: Mucorales y Entomoftorales. Las infecciones causadas por los Mucorales se caracterizan por su rápida evolución, con destrucción tisular e invasión de vasos sanguíneos. Se presentan en hospederos con factores de riesgo definidos, entre los que se incluyen alteraciones funcionales o cuantitativas de los neutrófilos, acidosis metabólica o aumento en los niveles séricos de hierro. Sus manifestaciones clínicas se dividen en rinocerebral, pulmonar, cutánea, gastrointestinal y diseminada. El principal mecanismo de infección es la vía inhalatoria, seguida por la mecánica por lesiones dérmicas. Tienen un curso clínico agresivo y a su vez inespecífico que usualmente pone en peligro la vida del paciente, por lo que se debe tener un alto índice de sospecha en aquellas personas con cuadro clínico sugestivo y factores de riesgo, para iniciar tratamiento agresivo temprano con antifúngicos y cirugía.

Palabras claves:
Zigomicosis
Diagnóstico
fisiopatología
Terapia
Abstract

Zygomycosis are severe and uncommon fungal infections caused by ubiquitous fungi members of the class zygomicetes, which are subdivided into two orders: Mucorales and Entomophtorales. Infections due to Mucorales are characterized by a rapid evolution along with a wide tissue destruction and direct invasion of blood vessels. These diseases are seen in individuals with clearly defined risk factors such as quantitative or qualitative neutrophil defects, metabolic acidosis, or elevated iron serum levels. The clinical forms of these diseases are divided into new categories: Rhinocerebral, pulmonary, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and disseminated infections. The main mechanism of infection is by inhalation, but it is also possible to acquire the infection by direct inoculation into the dermis. The clinical course is aggressive but unspecified and usually threatens patients’ survival; therefore, we must have a high index of suspicion in those cases with a suggestive clinical scenario and risk factors in order to perform a timely and aggressive intervention with antifungal therapy and surgery.

Keywords:
Zygomycosis
Diagnosis
Physiopatholoy
Therapy
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