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Vol. 34. Núm. S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 64-69 (Enero 2011)
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Vol. 34. Núm. S1.
Jornada de Actualización en Gastroenterología Aplicada
Páginas 64-69 (Enero 2011)
Oncología digestiva
Acceso a texto completo
Actualizaciones sobre colonoscopia en el cribado, seguimiento y tratamiento del cáncer colorrectal y sus lesiones precursoras
Visitas
4054
Maria Pellisé
Unidad de Endoscopia, Servicio de Gastroenterología, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives i Metabòliques, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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Resumen

La colonoscopia es el estándar de oro para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las enfermedades colónicas y, fundamentalmente, para el cribado y vigilancia del cáncer colorrectal. Este año, en la Digestive Disease Week de New Orleans, se han presentado los resultados de estudios muy interesantes ligados a la colonoscopia diagnóstica y terapéutica. Como puntos clave, se ha reforzado la utilidad de los parámetros de calidad en colonoscopia y la necesidad de una monitorización constante, asimismo se han propuesto nuevos parámetros de calidad como la tasa de detección de pólipos. También se han evaluado nuevas pautas terapéuticas para la preparación anterógrada, demostrando una vez más que la dosis partida y la administración cercana a la hora de la exploración son factores determinantes. Por otro lado, respecto a la sedación, cada vez hay mayor evidencia acerca de las ventajas del propofol respecto a los demás productos, y el modelo de administración por gastroenterólogos o enfermeras entrenadas se va imponiendo. En cuanto a la técnica endoscópica, se han presentado varias fórmulas ingeniosas que pretenden mejorar el rendimiento de la colonoscopia, como la nueva cápsula colónica, el método de agua o la técnica del capuchón, así como la imagen de banda estrecha o la endomicroscopia confocal. Por último, los resultados presentados refuerzan la utilización de técnicas avanzadas de endoscopia digestiva para la terapéutica de lesiones colorrectales de gran tamaño, tanto benignas como malignas precoces.

Palabras clave:
Cáncer colorrectal
Colonoscopia
Cribado
Seguimiento
Tratamiento
Polipectomía
Mucosectomía
Calidad
Endoscopia avanzada
Cromoendoscopia
Imagen de banda estrecha
Endomicroscopia confocal
Abstract

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the colon and, in particular, for the screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer. In Digestive Disease Week 2010 in New Orleans, the results of highly interesting studies on diagnostic and therapeutic colonoscopy were presented. As key points, the utility of quality indicators in colonoscopy and the need for constant surveillance were stressed and new quality indicators such as the polyp detection rate were proposed. In addition, new therapeutic regimens for anterograde preparation were evaluated, showing once again that the split dose and administration shortly before the examination are determining factors. There is increasing evidence on the advantages of propofol over other products in sedation and administration by gastroenterologists or specially trained nurses is becoming widespread. Several ingenious methods concerning the endoscopic technique were presented. These methods aim to improve the performance of colonoscopy and include the new colon capsule, the water method or cap technique, as well as narrowband imaging and confocal endomicroscopy. Lastly, the results presented reinforce the use of advanced digestive endoscopic techniques for the treatment of large colorectal lesions, whether benign or early malignant lesions.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancer
Colonoscopy
Screening
Follow-up
Treatment
Polypectomy
Mucosectomy
Quality
Advanced endoscopy
Chromoendoscopy
Narrow band imaging
Confocal endomicroscopy
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Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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